Born: May 20, 1915 in Degania [Died] October 16, 1981. Tel Aviv. Israeli soldier and politician. During the period of heightened anti-Semitic activity by Arabs from 1936 to 1939, he participated in a military organization organized by British soldier O. Wingate for the purpose of Jewish self-defense. During World War II, he joined the Palmer Jewish Legion, which was organized in preparation for the German and Italian invasion of Palestine, and lost an eye while fighting the French on the Lebanon front. During the 1948 Palestine War, he was commander of the Jerusalem front. From 1953 to 1958, he was Chief of Staff of the Israeli Army. In 1958, he left the military to study at universities in Jerusalem and Tel Aviv, and in 1959, he was elected to parliament as a member of the Mapai Party, and became Minister of Agriculture under Prime Minister D. Ben-Gurion. In 1964, he came into conflict with Prime Minister L. Eshkol and formed the Rafi Party with Ben-Gurion and others. In May 1967, in the midst of a tense atmosphere with the Arabs, he was appointed Minister of Defense at the request of the people, and led Israel to an overwhelming victory in the Six-Day War, becoming a national hero. In the October 1973 war, he was held responsible for allowing a preemptive attack from the Arab side, forcing Israel into an unprecedented difficult situation, and resigned in March 1974 when the G. Meyer cabinet collapsed. Although he was a fallen idol, he continued to receive strong support from right-wing forces, and when the right-wing Likud Party came to power in the Israeli general elections of 1977, he returned as Foreign Minister, and resigned in 1979. Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information |
[生]1915.5.20. デガニア [没]1981.10.16. テルアビブ イスラエルの軍人,政治家。 1936~39年のアラブ人による反ユダヤ活動の高まりの時期に,ユダヤ人の自衛を目的としてイギリス軍人 O.ウィンゲートにより組織された軍事組織に参加。第2次世界大戦中はドイツとイタリアによるパレスチナ侵攻にそなえて組織されたユダヤ軍団パルマーに加わり,レバノン戦線でフランス軍と交戦中,片目を失った。 48年のパレスチナ戦争ではエルサレム戦線司令官。 53~58年イスラエル軍参謀長。 58年軍籍を離れてエルサレムとテルアビブの大学に学び,59年マパイ党から国会議員に当選,D.ベングリオン首相のもとで農相となった。 64年 L.エシュコル首相と対立し,ベングリオンらとともにラフィ党を結成。 67年5月アラブとの緊迫した雰囲気のなかで,国民の要望に支えられて国防相に就任,六日戦争で圧倒的勝利をもたらし国民的英雄となった。 73年 10月の戦争では,アラブ側からの先制攻撃を許し,イスラエルがかつてない苦戦を強いられた責任を問われ,74年3月 G.メイヤー内閣の崩壊とともに辞職。落ちた偶像とはいえ,その後も右派勢力からは強い支持を受け,77年イスラエルの総選挙の結果,右翼政党のリクード党が政権を握ると外相として復活,79年辞任した。 出典 ブリタニカ国際大百科事典 小項目事典ブリタニカ国際大百科事典 小項目事典について 情報 |
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