Durban - Durban (English spelling)

Japanese: ダーバン - だーばん(英語表記)Durban
Durban - Durban (English spelling)

A port city in the southern part of KwaZulu-Natal Province (formerly Natal Province) in the eastern part of South Africa. It faces the Indian Ocean. Its population was 1,137,378 (1991), broken down by race as follows: 328,183 whites, 64,876 coloreds (mixed races), 575,268 Asians, and 169,051 blacks. The population of the city area was 595,061 (2011 census), and the population of the metropolitan area was 2,117,650 (1996). Influenced by the Mozambique Current, it is subtropical and warm, with an annual rainfall of 999.4 mm. White settlement began in 1824 with traders from the British Cape Colony, and it was originally called Port Natal. In the 1830s, the town developed with an increasing number of settlers, and was renamed Durban after the then Governor of the Cape, Lord B. Durban. In the late 19th century, the discovery of gold in the inland Witwatersrand increased the importance of Durban as a port, and in the 1890s a railway was built between the goldfields. The city lies between the Umgeni and Umlaas rivers, and its port is a good natural harbor with the second largest cargo handling volume in South Africa. The streets are laid out in an orderly grid pattern, and the coast is a resort area with many hotels, as well as old buildings such as the City Hall, museums, art galleries, and libraries. The city also has a botanical garden and a horse racing track, and the University of Natal is located on the hill behind it. The main exports through the port are iron ore and sugar, and imports include petroleum and capital goods. The city also has industries such as sugar refining, textiles, soap, rubber, fertilizer, food, and petroleum refining, with sugar refining being the largest in the country.

[Akifumi Hayashi]

[References] | Coloured | KwaZulu-Natal | Cape Colony

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

南アフリカ共和国東部、クワズールー・ナタール州(旧ナタール州)南部の港湾都市。インド洋に臨む。人口113万7378(1991)で、人種別内訳は白人32万8183、カラード(混血)6万4876、アジア系57万5268、黒人16万9051。市域の人口59万5061(2011センサス)、大都市圏人口211万7650(1996)。モザンビーク海流の影響を受け、亜熱帯に属し暖かく、年降水量も999.4ミリメートルある。白人の入植は1824年のイギリス領ケープ植民地からの交易商人が始まりで、当初はポート・ナタールとよばれた。1830年代、入植者の増加とともに町は発展し、当時のケープ総督B・ダーバン卿(きょう)の名にちなみダーバンと改名された。19世紀後半、内陸部のウィトワーテルスランドで金鉱が発見され、ダーバンの港としての重要性は高まり、1890年代に金鉱地帯との間に鉄道が建設された。町はウムゲニ川とウムラース川の間にあり、港は天然の良港で貨物取扱量は南アフリカ共和国第2位である。街並みは碁盤目状に整然と並び、海岸沿いはリゾート地域で、ホテルが林立し、シティ・ホール、博物館、美術館、図書館をはじめ古い建物がある。また市内には植物園、競馬場のほか、背後の丘の上にはナタール大学がある。この港を通じて輸出される主要品目は鉄鉱石、砂糖、輸入品は石油、資本財などである。精糖、繊維、せっけん、ゴム、肥料、食品、石油精製などの工業もあり、とくに精糖業は同国第一である。

[林 晃史]

[参照項目] | カラード | クワズールー・ナタール | ケープ植民地

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