Chair - Chair

Japanese: いす(椅子) - いす

The English word "chair" refers to a seat with a backrest and armrests. Until around the 17th century, it meant a chair of authority used by people of high social status such as royalty, nobility, and feudal lords, and was clearly distinguished from practical seating such as stools. Chairs were likely created to demonstrate one's authority to the tribesmen and to allow those in power to maintain a higher position and appropriate posture than others. In primitive tribal societies with very low production technology, natural pieces of stone or tree stumps were used as seats of authority for chiefs, but as processing technology for wood and stone developed, three- or four-legged seats were made, which evolved into armchairs with the establishment of ancient nations.

Source: Heibonsha World Encyclopedia, 2nd Edition Information

Japanese:

英語のチェアchairは背もたれとひじ掛けを備えた座具のことで，17世紀ごろまで王侯･貴族や領主など社会的地位のある人たちが使う権威のいすを意味し，スツールなどの実用的な腰掛けとは明確に区別されてきた。いすは自己の権威を部族の人たちに誇示し，権力者として他より高い位置とふさわしい姿勢を保持するために生み出されたものと思われる。生産技術のきわめて低い原始的な部族社会では，自然の石片や木の切株などが首長の権威のいすとして使われたが，木材や石材の加工技術が発展すると，三脚または四脚式の腰掛けが作られ，古代国家の成立にともなってひじ掛けいすへと発展する。

出典　株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典第２版について　情報

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