A small keyboard instrument that was popular in Europe from the end of the 15th century to the 18th century. Like the harpsichord, it produces sound by plucking the strings, but it is small, has a long rectangular body, and the strings are stretched parallel to the keys (horizontally), which makes it different from the harpsichord. It has a four octave range and only one set of strings. There are legged types and legless types that are played on a table or on the lap. In the 16th century, it was popular as a home instrument in England, and many works were made by artists such as Bird and Gibbons. The spinet, another small keyboard instrument, became popular in Italy in the 16th century and spread throughout Europe, but it has a wing-shaped body and differs from the virginal in that the strings are stretched diagonally from the front left to the rear right. However, this distinction is not absolute, and in terms of musical characteristics, the two can be considered to be the same. In England, until the 17th century, keyboard instruments that produced sound by plucking strings were collectively called virginals. [Maekawa Haruhisa] [Reference] |1581 Wood, brass, parchment Width: 182.2 cm Collection of the Metropolitan Museum of Art, Belgium Virginal Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
15世紀末から18世紀にかけてヨーロッパで愛好された小形の鍵盤(けんばん)楽器。チェンバロと同じく弦を掻(か)いて音を出すが、小形で横長の長方形胴をもち、弦が鍵盤と平行に(横方向に)張られている点がチェンバロと異なる。音域は4オクターブで、弦は1系列のみ。脚付きタイプと、脚がなく卓上や膝(ひざ)の上にのせて演奏するタイプがある。16世紀にはイギリスで家庭用に愛好され、バードやギボンズらが多くの作品を残している。同じく小形の鍵盤楽器であるスピネットも、16世紀にイタリアで流行しヨーロッパ全域に広まった楽器であるが、これは翼形の胴をもち、弦が左前方から右後方へ斜めに張られている点がバージナルと異なる。しかし、この区別はかならずしも絶対的ではなく、しかも音楽的特性の面からは両者は同一と考えて差し支えない。 なお、イギリスでは17世紀までは、弦を掻いて発音する鍵盤楽器を総称してバージナルとよんでいた。 [前川陽郁] [参照項目] |1581年 木・真鍮・羊皮紙 幅182.2cm ベルギーメトロポリタン美術館所蔵"> バージナル 出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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