kneader

...Viscous substances are generally strongly affected by temperature, and in particular their fluidity improves rapidly with increasing temperature, so the operating temperature is determined from the standpoint of ease of operation and product quality. There are various types of kneading equipment called kneaders (Figure 1), mixers, kneading machines, and kneading machines (Figure 2 shows a Sigma-type twin-arm kneading machine). These devices repeatedly apply a strong shearing action evenly to the entire raw material, and the shapes of the container and agitator blades are designed to prevent stagnation and adhesion of the raw material. They have a sturdy structure, and many of them are equipped with heating and cooling mechanisms such as jackets that allow steam and cooling water to pass through.

*Some terminology explanations that mention "kneader" are listed below.

Source | Heibonsha World Encyclopedia 2nd Edition | Information

…粘稠物質は一般に温度の影響を強く受け，とくにその流動性は温度上昇とともに急激によくなるので，操作の容易性と製品品質の点から操作温度が決められる。　捏和装置としてはニーダーkneader(図1)，ミキサーmixer，混練機，捏練機などと呼ばれる種々の型式のものがある(図2にシグマ型双腕捏和機を示す)。これらは強力な剪断作用を原料全体にまんべんなく繰り返して与え，原料の停滞付着部が生じないように容器およびかくはん翼などの形状がくふうされ，がんじょうな構造を有し，水蒸気や冷却水を通すジャケットなどの加熱･冷却機構を備えたものも多い。…

※「kneader」について言及している用語解説の一部を掲載しています。

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