Takeshima

Japanese: 竹島 - たけしま

An uninhabited reef located at 37°14' north latitude and 131°52' east longitude in the Sea of Japan, northwest of the Oki Islands, Shimane Prefecture. In Korean, it is called Dokdo. In addition to Otojima and Onnajima, there are more than ten other reefs, which make for good fishing grounds. During the feudal era, the Korean territory of Utsuryo Island was called Takeshima, Isotake Island (also written as Isotake), and Takeshima was called Matsushima, but after surveys by British and French ships in the mid-19th century, it was also called Liangko Island, and the names have become confused. In 1905, the Imperial Japanese Government, which was aiming to take possession of the Korean Peninsula in the wake of the Russo-Japanese War and was working on the Japan-Korea Protectorate Treaty, held a cabinet meeting to claim the reef as Japanese territory, and designated Takeshima as belonging to Goka Village (now Okinoshima Town), Ochi County, Shimane Prefecture (now Oki County). After Japan's defeat in World War II, it came under the rule of the GHQ. In the GHQ memorandum, the areas to be politically and administratively separated from Japan were designated, and Takeshima was included in this. In 1952, when the Syngman Rhee Line was established, South Korea asserted its territorial rights and erected a territorial marker for the island of Takeshima, which has since been effectively controlled by South Korea. South Korea has refused to bring the issue to international courts, claiming that there is no territorial dispute between Japan and South Korea, but it is still a matter of dispute between Japan and South Korea. In March 2005, Shimane Prefecture established Takeshima Day by ordinance, which became an issue between the two countries, and the South Korean government protested to the Japanese government. Anti-Japanese movements also spread among the public, and Japan-South Korea relations became cold. In March 2011, the Japanese Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology announced the results of a screening of many of the geography and civics textbooks for junior high school students to be used from April 2011 that listed Takeshima as Japanese territory. This caused a strong backlash from the South Korean government and the South Korean public. In August 2013, South Korean President Lee Myung-bak suddenly landed on Takeshima and mentioned the issue of the Emperor's "visit to South Korea" and "apology" at a press conference. Japan strongly protested and opposed this. It was the first time that a sitting South Korean president had landed on the island. At the same time, tensions between Japan and China over the Senkaku Islands issue were rising, and South Korea began to take a concerted stance with China, which claimed that "Japan has not shown sincere remorse for its history of colonial rule and aggression in Asia." President Park Geun-hye, who took office in February 2013, made this stance even clearer, and together with Chinese President Xi Jinping, strongly appealed to the international community that the territorial issue was directly linked to the Abe administration's "historical awareness" issue, and Japan-South Korea relations continued to cool. In April 2015, the Ministry of Foreign Affairs changed the expression "shares fundamental values" that had been used since the 2004 edition of the Diplomatic Bluebook to simply state that South Korea is "the most important neighboring country." Regarding Takeshima, the document clearly states that "although there is a dispute over sovereignty between Japan and South Korea, Takeshima is clearly an inherent part of Japanese territory both historically and under international law." →Territorial issues→Related topicsAsia｜Fisheries｜Japan-South Korea Fisheries Agreement

Source : Heibonsha Encyclopedia About MyPedia Information

Japanese:

島根県隠岐諸島北西の日本海上，北緯37°14′，東経131°52′にある無人の岩礁。韓国語では独島（ドクト）。男島，女島のほか十数個の岩礁があり好漁場をなす。藩政時代朝鮮領の鬱陵(うつりょう)島を竹島，五十猛(いそたけ)（磯竹とも表記される）島，竹島を松島と呼んだが，19世紀半ば英仏船の測量以後リャンコ島とも呼ばれ，呼称が混乱している。1905年，日露戦争を機に朝鮮半島の領有を目論み，日韓保護条約を進めていた大日本帝国政府は閣議でこの岩礁を日本領とし，島根県穏地(おち)郡（現，隠岐郡）五箇村（現，隠岐の島町）所属竹島とした。第２次大戦敗戦で日本はGHQの統治下に入ったがGHQの覚書には，日本から政治上，行政上分離する地域が指定され，竹島はこれに含まれている。1952年韓国が〈李承晩ライン〉設定の際に領土権を主張して〈独島(トクド)〉の領土標を立て，以後韓国が実効支配している。韓国は日本との間に領土問題は存在しないとして，この問題を国際司法の場に出すことを拒否しているが，現在も事実上は，日韓間で係争中である。2005年３月，島根県が条例で〈竹島の日〉を制定し，両国間で問題化，韓国政府は日本政府に抗議，民間でも反日運動が拡がり日韓関係は冷え込んだ。2011年３月日本の文部科学省は，2011年４月から使われる中学の地理と公民の教科書で竹島を日本領とする多くの教科書を合格とする検定結果を公表，韓国政府と韓国の世論はこれに激しく反発した。2013年８月韓国・李明博大統領が突如竹島に上陸，さらに会見で天皇の〈訪韓〉と〈謝罪〉問題に言及した。日本側はこれに強く反発し抗議。韓国の現職大統領が同島上陸に踏み切ったのははじめてである。折から日中間で尖閣諸島問題が緊迫化し，韓国は，尖閣諸島をめぐる領土問題を〈過去の日本の植民地支配・アジア侵略の歴史について真摯な反省が無い〉と主張する中国と共同歩調を取り始めた。2013年２月に就任した朴槿恵大統領はこの姿勢をさらに鮮明に打ち出し，中国・習近平主席とともに領土問題を安倍政権の〈歴史認識〉問題と直結させる考えを国際社会に強くアピール，日韓関係は冷却の一途を辿った。2015年４月外務省は，外交青書で，2004年版以降使われてきた日韓関係を〈基本的価値を共有〉するとした表現をかえ，〈最も重要な隣国〉とするにとどめた。竹島については〈日韓間には領有権をめぐる問題があるが，歴史的にも国際法上も明らかに日本固有の領土〉と明記した。→領土問題
→関連項目アジア｜漁業｜日韓漁業協定

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