Also called polymorphism. Substances that have the exact same chemical composition but different crystal structures are said to be polymorphs of each other. Examples include graphite and diamond, and calcite and aragonite. They are classified into high-temperature and low-temperature, high-pressure and low-pressure types, depending on the physical conditions under which they can exist stably. Diamond and graphite are high-pressure polymorphs, while low-pressure polymorphs are low-pressure. Quartz is divided into low-temperature and high-temperature types, with the boundary at 573°C. Mineral polymorphism is used to estimate the temperature at the time of rock formation. →Geological thermometer→Related topicsAragonite | Kaolin minerals | Pseudomorphs | Cristobalite | Silica | Andalusite | Quartz | Carbonate minerals | Tridymite | Marcasite | Blue-and-white stone Source : Heibonsha Encyclopedia About MyPedia Information |
同質異像とも。化学組成がまったく同じで,結晶構造の異なる物質は互いに多形であるという。石墨(黒鉛)とダイヤモンド,方解石とアラレ石などがその例。安定に存在できる物理条件の違いにより,高温型と低温型,高圧型と低圧型などに区別される。ダイヤモンドと石墨は前者が高圧型,後者が低圧型の多形である。石英には573℃を境とする低温型石英と高温型石英がある。鉱物の多形は岩石生成時の温度の推定に利用される。→地質温度計 →関連項目アラレ(霰)石|カオリン鉱物|仮像|クリストバライト|ケイ(珪)線石|紅柱石|石英|炭酸塩鉱物|トリディマイト|白鉄鉱|ラン(藍)晶石 出典 株式会社平凡社百科事典マイペディアについて 情報 |
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