Tagayasan - Tagayasan

Japanese: タガヤサン - たがやさん
Tagayasan - Tagayasan

A deciduous tall tree of the legume family (APG classification: Fabaceae). It can reach a height of 15 meters and a diameter at breast height of 40 to 50 centimeters. The bark is almost smooth and gray. The leaves are alternate, even-pinnate, compound, and 15 to 30 centimeters long. There are about 10 pairs of leaflets, which are oblong and 5 to 7 centimeters long. From July to October, it produces large panicles at the ends of the branches, which bloom with fragrant yellow five-petal flowers about 2 centimeters in diameter. It has seven stamens, two of which are long, and three of which have degenerated stamens above them. The fruit is a flat, straight pod, 20 to 30 centimeters long, about 2 centimeters wide, and covered with velvety hairs. It contains 15 to 30 flat, circular seeds. It is widely distributed from India to Southeast Asia.

The sapwood is white and turns yellow when exposed to air. The heartwood is black with light stripes, and the planks have beautiful patterns such as cloud patterns and arrowhead patterns. It is also said to be the heaviest and hardest of all Chinese woods, and is used for luxury furniture, handicrafts, mandolins and other musical instruments, alcove pillars, etc. It is also planted as a roadside tree or in gardens.

[Yoshio Kobayashi October 18, 2019]

Cultural history

It is recorded in the "Hyohyo-ki" that the wood was imported to Japan during the Edo period and used for the body of the shamisen. Kaibara Ekiken commented that "among all the trees, it is the best wood...it is called ironwood" ("Yamato Honzo"). The heartwood is very hard, and ironwood and iron tree ("Buppin Shikimei") are named after it. The name Tagayasan in the "Daigenkai" is said to be based on the Philippine name tambulian. The Ibanag people of northern Philippines call the Dalbergia balansae Prain, a legume with feathery leaves that also has hard wood, tagga, and the Sunda Islands of Indonesia call the tamarind Tamarindus indica L., also a legume, tangal asem, and it is thought that they are related to Tagayasan.

[Hiroshi Yuasa October 18, 2019]

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

マメ科(APG分類:マメ科)の落葉高木。高さ15メートル、胸高径40~50センチメートルに達する。樹皮はほとんど平滑で灰色。葉は互生し、偶数羽状複葉で長さ15~30センチメートル。小葉は10対ほどあり、長楕円(ちょうだえん)形で長さ5~7センチメートル。7~10月、枝先に大形の円錐(えんすい)花序をつくり、径約2センチメートルで芳香のある黄色の5弁花を開く。雄しべは7本で2本は長く、上方に退化した雄しべが3本ある。果実は扁平(へんぺい)でまっすぐな莢(さや)になり、長さ20~30センチメートル、幅約2センチメートル、ビロード状の毛がある。中に扁平な円形の種子が15~30個ある。インドから東南アジアに広く分布する。

 辺材は白色で、空気に触れると黄変する。心材は黒色で、淡色の縞(しま)模様があり、板目には雲紋形、矢筈(やはず)形などの美しい紋様が現れる。また唐木のなかではもっとも重くて堅いといわれ、高級家具、細工物、マンドリンほかの楽器、床柱などに用いる。街路樹や庭木として植栽もされる。

[小林義雄 2019年10月18日]

文化史

江戸時代に材が渡来し、三味線の胴に使用されたことが、『評判記』に記録されている。貝原益軒(かいばらえきけん)は、「諸木の内、最も良材なり……鉄刀木と言う」(『大和本草(やまとほんぞう)』)と評した。心材は非常に堅く、鉄刀木や鉄樹(『物品識名(ぶっぴんしきめい)』)はそれにちなむ。タガヤサンの名を『大言海』は、フィリピンでの呼び名タンブリアンtambulianに基づくかという。同じく材が堅く、羽葉(うよう)をもつマメ科のシタンヤワラバDalbergia balansae Prainをフィリピン北部のイバナグ人はタッガtaggaとよび、また同じくマメ科のタマリンドTamarindus indica L.をインドネシアのスンダ諸島ではタ(ン)ガ(ル)・アサムtangal asemとよび、タガヤサンとの関連が考えられる。

[湯浅浩史 2019年10月18日]

出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例

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