Dmitriy Andreevich Furmanov

Soviet novelist. Born to a peasant family in Kostroma Prefecture (Kostroma Oblast, Russian Federation). Studied at a vocational school and the Faculty of Letters at Moscow University. In 1918 he joined the party, and after local party activities, in 1919 he served as a political commissar for the unit under Chapayev, a legendary hero of the Civil War. His long novel Chapayev (1923), written in a documentary style based on his experiences, was widely welcomed as a masterpiece of early Soviet literature. He contrasts the boldness of a people-oriented commander with the meticulous role of the party political commissar, who is the author's alter ego, and realistically depicts the difference in temperament between the peasant partisan soldiers and the workers' troops, while singing the romanticism of the revolutionary war. This novel was made into a film by the Vasiliev brothers, and became a masterpiece in the history of Soviet cinema. He also wrote the novel Revolt (1925), which depicts the civil war in Turkestan, and played a leading role in the literary movement, including as head of the Moscow branch of the Rap.

[Takashi Egawa]

"Chapayev, translated by Tamiki Nagoshi, 2 volumes (1968, Shin Nihon Shuppansha)"

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

ソ連の小説家。コストロマ県（ロシア連邦コストロマ州）の農民の出身。実業学校、モスクワ大学文学部に学ぶ。1918年入党、地方の党活動ののち19年から国内戦の伝説的な英雄チャパーエフ麾下(きか)の部隊などで政治委員として活躍、その体験をもとに記録文学的な手法で書き上げた長編『チャパーエフ』（1923）が初期ソビエト文学の傑作として広範な読者に迎えられた。民衆肌の司令官の豪放さと、作者の分身である党政治委員の緻密(ちみつ)な組織者的役割とを対比させ、農民パルチザン兵と労働者部隊の気質の差をリアルに描き分けながら、革命戦のロマンチシズムを歌い上げた手並みは非凡である。これはワシーリエフ兄弟によって映画化され、ソビエト映画史に残る傑作となった。ほかにトルキスタンの国内戦を描いた長編『反乱』（1925）があり、ラップ・モスクワ支部長などとして文学運動でも指導的役割を果たした。

［江川　卓］

『名越民樹訳『チャパーエフ』全2巻（1968・新日本出版社）』

出典　小学館　日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について　情報 | 凡例