Indoctorination - indoctorination (English spelling)

Japanese: インドクトリネーション - いんどくとりねーしょん(英語表記)indoctorination
Indoctorination - indoctorination (English spelling)

The original meaning of the term originated from the medieval Catholic Church education, which aimed to "indoctrinate" religious doctrines. Today, it means to "indoctrinate" or "inject" certain social, political, economic, or religious beliefs or doctrines into others, regarding them as absolute truths, without critical examination by the other party. A typical example of this is the absolutist or fascist education system before World War II, but in today's democratic education system, it is generally rejected from the standpoint of nurturing children's critical spirit and respecting freedom of thought. However, recently, there is also a view that if a teacher's belief is formed critically and based on scientific evidence, and the conditions for children to critically examine it are established, it should not necessarily be rejected. This is a position that is quite positive in accepting the indoctrination of scientific truths, assuming that children learn independently. In contrast, many people criticize the indoctrination or conditioning of certain knowledge, ignoring children's individuality and comprehension, by regarding science as absolute, as a kind of "indoctrination" from the standpoint of scientism.

[Nao Morikawa]

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

もともとの意味は、宗教上の教義を「教え込むこと」を目的とした中世のカトリック教会の教育に起源をもつ。現在では、一定の社会的、政治的、経済的、宗教的な信条、教義を絶対的真理とみなし、それを相手の批判的検討なしに一方的に「教え込むこと」ないし「注入すること」を意味している。第二次世界大戦前の絶対主義的ないしファシズム的教育体制にその典型がみられるが、民主的教育体制のもとにある現在では、子供の批判的精神を育て、思考の自由を尊重する立場からも、一般に拒否されている。しかし最近では、教師が自ら信じるところを教え込むことは、その確信が科学的根拠に基づき十分批判的に形成されており、子供にそれを批判的に検討する条件が確立されていれば、かならずしも拒否されるべきではない、という考えもある。これは、子供の主体的学習を前提としたうえで、科学的真理を教え込むことを、かなり積極的に認めようとする立場である。これに対し、科学を絶対視するあまり、子供の個性や理解力を無視して一定の知識を注入したり条件づけたりすることは、一種の科学主義の立場にたつ「教え込み」であるとして批判する人も多い。

[森川 直]

出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例

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