Bruno Taut

Japanese: タウト - たうと(英語表記)Bruno Taut
Bruno Taut

German architect. Born in Königsberg (now Kaliningrad, Russia). After graduating from the School of Civil Engineering and Architecture there, he studied under Theodor Fischer. After opening a joint office with F. Hoffmann in 1909, he gained fame for the originality of his "Iron Monument" (1913) at the Leipzig Exposition and "Glass House" (1914) at the Deutsche Werkbund exhibition. After World War I, he promoted the Expressionist architectural movement, and in 1918, he formed the "Art and Labor Council" with Gropius and others, and wrote "Alpine Architecture," "Crown of the City," "Space Architect," and "Demolition of the City," in which he praised grand romance and an ideal society. In 1921, as head of the civil engineering department of Magdeburg, he put bold colorful architecture into practice, and from 1924, he built a housing complex in Berlin with a total of 12,000 homes.

Taut visited Moscow in 1932 to plan the Greater Moscow project, and then fled the Nazi regime to Japan, where he lived from May 1933 to January 1936. Although he was not blessed with many architectural jobs in Japan, he showed great interest in Japanese architecture, such as Katsura Imperial Villa, and the state of Japanese culture, and left behind many books. He also taught crafts in Sendai and Takasaki, which helped to revolutionize the direction of Japan's crafts world. In 1936, he was appointed professor at Istanbul University of Arts, and resumed his architectural activities as an architectural advisor to the Turkish government, but died in Ankara in December 1938.

[Kenshiro Takami]

"Rediscovering Japanese Beauty" by Taut, translated by Hideo Shinoda (Iwanami Shinsho) " "Bruno Taut and the Modern Age" by Yoshio Doi, J. Bosenaer, et al. (1981, Iwanami Shoten)

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

ドイツの建築家。ケーニヒスベルク(現ロシア領カリーニングラード)に生まれる。同地の土木建築学校を卒業後、テオドール・フィッシャーに師事。1909年にF・ホフマンと共同事務所を開いて以来、ライプツィヒ博覧会の「鉄の記念塔」(1913)やドイツ工作連盟展の「ガラスの家」(1914)の独創性によって名を馳(は)せた。第一次世界大戦後は表現主義建築運動を推進、18年にグロピウスらと「芸術労働評議会」を結成し、また『アルプス建築』『都市の冠』『宇宙建築師』『都市の解体』を著して壮大なロマンと理想社会をうたい上げる。21年にはマクデブルク市の建築土木課長として果敢な色彩建築を実践し、24年からはベルリンで総計1万2000戸の住宅団地を建設した。

 タウトは1932年に大モスクワ計画のため同地を訪れたのち、ナチス政権を逃れて日本へ亡命、33年(昭和8)5月から36年1月まで滞在した。日本では建築そのものの仕事に恵まれなかったものの、桂(かつら)離宮をはじめとする日本建築や日本の文化のあり方に多大の関心を示し、多くの著書を残した。また仙台と高崎で工芸の指導にあたり、日本の工芸界の方向を刷新させることになった。36年イスタンブール芸術大学教授に赴任、トルコ政府建築顧問として建築活動を再開したが、38年12月アンカラで客死した。

[高見堅志郎]

『タウト著、篠田英雄訳『日本美の再発見』(岩波新書)』『土肥美夫、J・ボーゼナー他著『ブルーノ・タウトと現代』(1981・岩波書店)』

出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例

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