Auxotrophic mutants - Auxotrophic mutants

Japanese: 栄養要求性突然変異体 - えいようようきゅうせいとつぜんへんいたい
Auxotrophic mutants - Auxotrophic mutants

…The types of substances required vary from species to species. For example, ascorbic acid (vitamin C) is essential for primates, including humans, and guinea pigs, but other mammals can synthesize it and do not require it. It is well known that in microorganisms, even within the same species, auxotrophs can occur, which are auxotrophic mutants that lack the ability to synthesize certain substances. In 1941, GW Beadle and EL Tatum used such mutants of Neurospora crassa to conduct genetic studies of the enzymes that control biochemical reactions within cells, leading to the proposal of the one-gene-one-enzyme hypothesis. …

*Some of the terminology that refers to "auxotrophic mutants" is listed below.

Source | Heibonsha World Encyclopedia 2nd Edition | Information

Japanese:

…要求物質の種類は種によって異なり,たとえばアスコルビン酸(ビタミンC)はヒトを含む霊長類やモルモットにとっては不可欠であるが,他の哺乳類はそれを合成できるので必要としない。微生物などでは,同じ種においても特定の物質を合成する能力を欠いた栄養要求性突然変異体auxotrophが生じることがよく知られている。1941年にビードルG.W.BeadleとテータムE.L.Tatumはアカパンカビのこのような突然変異体を用いて,細胞内の生化学的反応をつかさどる酵素群の遺伝学的研究を行い,一遺伝子一酵素仮説を提唱するに至った。…

※「栄養要求性突然変異体」について言及している用語解説の一部を掲載しています。

出典|株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典 第2版について | 情報

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