Tyrant flycatcher

Japanese: タイランチョウ - たいらんちょう(英語表記)tyrant flycatcher
Tyrant flycatcher

A general term for birds belonging to the family Tyrannidae, order Passeriformes. This family, Tyrannidae, is found only in the Americas, and there are more than 300 species. They are found from the tree line in northern Canada in the north to Tierra del Fuego at the southern tip of South America in the south, but many species live in tropical America. Most of them are 7 to 40 centimeters long, and have brown or grayish feathers. There are a few species with very long tails. As expected from the large number of species, there are many different habits among this group. However, many species live a life similar to that of the flycatchers of the Old World, flying from a branch into the air, catching flying insects in their mouths, and returning to the branch to eat them. Birds with this habit also have flattened beaks with a triangular base, just like flycatchers. Generally, they build bowl-shaped nests in trees, with 2-4 eggs per clutch, and only the female incubates the eggs, while both males and females raise the chicks. In addition to those that live a similar lifestyle to flycatchers, there are also those that live a similar lifestyle to pipits, desert flycatchers, warblers, shrikes, and kingfishers.

[Higuchi Hiroyoshi]

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

鳥綱スズメ目タイランチョウ科に属する鳥の総称。この科Tyrannidaeの鳥はアメリカ大陸にだけ分布し、300種以上がある。北はカナダ北部の樹木限界から、南は南アメリカ南端のフエゴ島にまで分布するが、熱帯アメリカに多くの種が生息している。全長7~40センチメートル、全体に褐色系や灰色系のじみな羽色をした鳥が多い。尾が非常に長い種が少数いる。種数が多いことから予想されるように、この類のなかにはいろいろな習性をもつものがいる。しかし、多くの種は、旧大陸のヒタキ類に似た生活をしており、枝から空中にぱっと飛び立って飛翔(ひしょう)中の昆虫をくわえ取り、枝に戻ってそれを食べる。こうした習性をもつ鳥では、嘴(くちばし)の形態もヒタキ類同様、扁平(へんぺい)で基部が三角形をしている。一般に巣は樹上に椀(わん)形のものをつくり、1腹卵数は2~4個、雌だけが抱卵し、育雛(いくすう)は雌雄ともに行う。ヒタキ類に似た生活をするもの以外では、タヒバリ類、サバクビタキ類、ムシクイ類、モズ類、カワセミ類などに似た生活をするものがいる。

[樋口広芳]

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