A giant Buddha statue. A general term for Buddha statues that are usually 4.8 meters tall, or more than 8 shaku tall when seated. They are made of stone, clay, copper, wood, etc., but because of their size, most are stone, and they come in standing, seated, reclining, and reclining forms. They were made in India and other places from early times, and articles about great Buddhas in various places can be found in the travelogues of Faxian and Xuanzang. The most famous are the Nirvana statue (7 meters) in Kashi (Kushinagara) in India, the standing statue (7 meters) in the Khanheri Caves, and two cliff-carved Buddhas (38 meters and 55 meters) in Afghanistan at Bamiyan. However, the two Bamiyan Buddhas were destroyed and lost by the Taliban government in 2001. There is also a 40-meter giant statue in Myanmar, and they are made in various parts of Southeast Asia. China also has a great number of statues, with records showing a 50-meter statue made in Dunhuang. Known examples include the two still-existing Southern and Northern Great Buddhas at the Mogao Caves in Dunhuang, the Northern Wei stone Buddha statues at the Yungang Grottoes, the Great Buddha at Longmen Grottoes made between the Northern Wei and Tang dynasties, and the stone Buddha at Maijishan. The Korean peninsula also has the Maitreya Buddhas at Kanshoksa Temple and Jinshan Temple. In Japan, well-known statues include the bronze seated Rushana Buddha at Todaiji Temple (Great Buddha of Nara, 15 meters, 8th century, National Treasure), the bronze seated Amida Nyorai statue at Kotokuin Temple (Great Buddha of Kamakura, 11.5 meters, 13th century, National Treasure), the wooden standing statue of Eleven-Headed Kannon at Hasedera Temple in Nara Prefecture (8 meters, 16th century), and the dry lacquer Rushana Buddha at Hokoji Temple in Kyoto (Kyoto Great Buddha, no longer extant, originally 24 meters, late 16th century), and there are other statues commonly referred to as "such and such Great Buddha" in various places. For example, those scattered around Oita Prefecture and the Oya rock-carved Buddha in Tochigi Prefecture are also large enough to be considered a Great Buddha. The intention behind the construction of the Great Buddha was to express the Buddha's greatness by emphasizing its presence, and to make it possible to worship it from afar, so that the Buddha's protection would reach far and wide, and it is assumed that it was useful for demonstrating the power of the builder. In addition to the Great Buddha of Todaiji Temple, the Kannon statue at Chishikiji Temple in Kawachi Province (Osaka Prefecture) (approximately 18 meters, no longer extant) and the Maitreya Buddha at Sekidera Temple in Omi Province (Shiga Prefecture) (approximately 6 meters, no longer extant) have also been called the Three Great Buddhas of Japan. [Akio Sato] [References] | | | | | |Joroku | |Todai-ji Temple| | | Temple| | | |The statue is about 14m tall. On the right is a standing Buddha statue. The front wall of the cave has collapsed, exposing the statue. Part of the World Heritage "Yungang Grottoes" (China, registered in 2001) China Datong ©Shogakukan "> Yungang Grottoes No. 20 Ro Seated Buddha The principal image of the Bonseonsa Cave. It was completed in 675 at the request of Emperor Gaozong. It is a beautiful stone Buddha that represents the pinnacle of Tang Dynasty sculpture. Total height 17.14m Part of the Longmen Grottoes, a World Heritage Site (China, registered in 2000) Southern suburbs of Luoyang, China ©Shogakukan "> Seated Vairocana Buddha statue at the Longmen Grottoes Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
巨大な仏像。普通、像高が丈六(約4.8メートル)、坐像(ざぞう)では半分の8尺以上ある仏像の総称。石造、塑造、銅造、木造などがあるが、大きさの関係から石仏が多く、像容には立像、坐像、倚(い)像、臥(が)像などがある。早くからインドなどでつくられ、法顕や玄奘(げんじょう)の旅行記にも各地の大仏についての記事がみられる。インドのカシア(クシナガラ)の涅槃(ねはん)像(7メートル)、カーンヘリー石窟(せっくつ)の立像(7メートル)、アフガニスタンではバーミアンの磨崖(まがい)仏(摩崖仏)2体(38メートル、55メートル)が著名である。ただし、バーミアンの大仏2体は2001年タリバン政権により破壊され失われた。ミャンマーにも40メートルの巨像があるなど東南アジア各地でつくられている。中国でもきわめて多く、50メートルの像が敦煌(とんこう)でつくられたと記録にある。現存する敦煌莫高窟(ばっこうくつ)の南大仏・北大仏の2像、雲崗(うんこう)石窟の北魏(ほくぎ)時代造像の石仏、竜門石窟の北魏から唐代にかけてつくられた大仏、麦積山(ばくせきざん)の石仏などが知られている。朝鮮半島にも灌燭寺(かんしょくじ)、金山寺(きんざんじ)の弥勒(みろく)仏がある。 日本では東大寺の銅造盧遮那仏(るしゃなぶつ)坐像(奈良の大仏、約15メートル、8世紀、国宝)、高徳院の銅造阿弥陀如来(あみだにょらい)坐像(鎌倉の大仏、約11.5メートル、13世紀、国宝)、奈良県長谷寺(はせでら)の木造十一面観音(かんのん)立像(約8メートル、16世紀)、京都方広寺の乾漆盧遮那仏像(京都大仏、現存せず、当初24メートル、16世紀末)などがよく知られ、そのほか各地に「何々大仏」と俗称される像がある。たとえば大分県下に散在するもの、栃木県の大谷(おおや)磨崖仏なども大仏としての大きさを備えている。大仏造立の意図は、存在の強調で仏の偉大さを表現し、また遠くからの礼拝(らいはい)も可能にするなど、仏の守護が遠くに及ぶようにとの意もあり、かつ造立者の権力誇示に役だてたと推測される。なお東大寺の大仏に加えて、河内(かわち)国(大阪府)智識寺(ちしきじ)の観音像(約18メートル、現存せず)と、近江(おうみ)国(滋賀県)関寺(せきでら)の弥勒仏(約6メートル、現存せず)を天下の三大仏と称したこともある。 [佐藤昭夫] [参照項目] | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |像高約14m。右は脇侍如来立像。石窟の前壁が崩れ、像が露出している。世界文化遺産「雲崗石窟」の一部(中国・2001年登録) 中国 大同©Shogakukan"> 雲崗石窟第20洞露坐大仏 奉先寺洞の本尊。高宗の発願により675年に完成した。唐代彫刻の最高峰を極めた秀麗な石仏である。全高17.14m 世界文化遺産「竜門石窟」の一部(中国・2000年登録) 中国 洛陽市南郊©Shogakukan"> 竜門石窟奉先寺洞盧遮那仏坐像 出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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