A thin layer of gray matter that occupies the surface of the cerebral hemispheres of vertebrates. It is particularly developed in mammals. It is rich in many wrinkles (gyri) and grooves (sulci), and the frontal, parietal, occipital, and temporal lobes are distinguished. The total area of the human cerebral cortex is about 2,200 cm2 , about two-thirds of which is hidden in the grooves, and it contains about 14 billion nerve cells. The cerebral cortex is where higher-level mental activity takes place, and functions are localized according to the area, including the motor cortex, somatosensory cortex, visual cortex, and association cortex related to higher-level functions (including the language cortex). Phylogenetically, there are two types of cortex: the paleocortex and the neocortex. The higher the animal, the more developed the neocortex is, and it is the most developed in humans. This is related to the development of mental activity. → Related topics Gal | Cerebral hemispheres | Limbic system | Sedatives Source : Heibonsha Encyclopedia About MyPedia Information |
脊椎動物の大脳半球の表面を占める灰白質の薄い層。哺乳(ほにゅう)類で特に発達する。多くのしわ(大脳回)や溝(大脳溝)に富み,前頭葉,頭頂葉,後頭葉,側頭葉が区別される。ヒトの大脳皮質の総面積は約2200cm2で,その約3分の2は溝の中に隠れ,約140億の神経細胞が含まれている。大脳皮質は高次の精神活動の営まれるところであるが,部位に応じて機能の局在が認められ,運動野,体性感覚野,視覚野および高次機能に関連する連合野(言語野を含む)などが知られている。系統発生的には古皮質と新皮質の2種があり,高等な動物ほど新皮質が発達し,ヒトでは最高である。このことが精神活動の発達に関連している。 →関連項目ガル|大脳半球|大脳辺縁系|鎮静薬 出典 株式会社平凡社百科事典マイペディアについて 情報 |
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