Meng Haoran - Already

A Chinese poet from the prosperous Tang Dynasty. Haoran was his pen name. According to one theory, his given name was Hao and his pen name was Haoran. He was from Xiangyang, Xiangzhou (Yang County, Hubei Province). He lived in seclusion in his hometown of Lumen Mountain when he was young. When he was about 40 years old, he went to Chang'an for the first time, where he became acquainted with Wang Wei and Zhang Jiuling, and his talent was recognized, but he did not pass the imperial examination and returned to his hometown. Later, he was invited by Zhang Jiuling, who had been demoted to chief clerk of Jingzhou (Hubei Province), to become his staff member, but he resigned soon after and spent the rest of his life in misfortune. He is referred to as "Wang Meng" along with Wang Wei, and is known as a poet of the landscape school, but compared to Wang Wei's objective singing of the static aspects of nature, he tends to be more subjective and see nature as something close to humans. He has written many well-known works in Japan, including "Spring Dawn" (Spring Dawn), "I sleep in the spring, not noticing the dawn. I hear birds singing here and there. The sound of the wind and rain in the night. I know how many flowers have fallen" and "Looking at Dongting to pay my respects to Prime Minister Zhang," known for the couplet "The air is steaming, the clouds are dreaming, the waves are roaring in Yueyang City." He has also written four volumes of "Meng Haoran Collection."

[Shigeru Saito]

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

中国、盛唐の詩人。浩然は字(あざな)。一説に名が浩で字が浩然ともいう。襄州(じょうしゅう)襄陽（湖北省陽県市）の人。若年は郷里の鹿門(ろくもん)山に隠棲(いんせい)。40歳ごろ初めて長安に出、王維(おうい)、張九齢(ちょうきゅうれい)らと交際してその才能を認められたが、科挙には及第せず、郷里へ帰った。のち荊州(けいしゅう)（湖北省）の長史に左遷された張九齢に招かれてその幕僚となったが、ほどなく辞任し、一生を不遇のうちに過ごした。王維とともに「王孟」と並称され、山水自然派の詩人として知られるが、王維が自然の静的な面を客観的に歌うのに比して、より主観的に、自然を人間に親しいものとしてとらえる傾向をもつ。「春眠暁(あかつき)を覚えず　処処(しょしょ)啼鳥(ていちょう)を聞く　夜来(やらい)風雨の声　花落つること知んぬ多少ぞ」（春暁）や「気は蒸(じょう)す雲夢(うんぼう)の沢(たく)、波は撼(ゆる)がす岳陽城(がくようじょう)」の聯(れん)で知られる「洞庭(どうてい)に臨みて張丞相(ちょうじょうしょう)に上(たてまつ)る」など、日本でも著名な作品が多い。『孟浩然集』四巻がある。

［齋藤　茂］

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