A type of shelf used for making tea in a study or a large hall. Originally used in a Zen temple in China, it is said that Nanpo Shomyo, a Daio Kokushi, learned the teachings from Kidō Chigu, a monk at Kinzan Kōshō Manjū-ji Temple, and brought it back with him when he returned to Japan in 1267 (Bun'ei 4) (Cha no Yu Ko Jidan). It is said that the table was later given to Sōfuku-ji Temple in Hakata, where Nanpo was the founder, and was then passed on to Daitoku-ji Temple in Kyoto, where it was used by Muso Soseki of Tenryū-ji Temple for making tea. However, these are all later traditions, and the authenticity cannot be confirmed. The first time tea was prepared using a daisu display was in the record "Muromachi Palace Imperial Visit Record" (owned by the Tokugawa Art Museum) of the visit of Emperor Gohanazono to the residence of Ashikaga Yoshinori in 1437 (Eikyō 9). Yoshinori had his favourite vassal Akamatsu Sadamura wear a suikan (a traditional Japanese hat) and eboshi (a traditional Japanese hat), and demonstrated the three-part kyokushin temae (a traditional Japanese tea ceremony with three types of tea utensils) using a celadon unryu water jar, a Kazan tenmoku jar, and a Kamakura eggplant, which had been given to Yoshinori as a gift when he was ill (Nanpōroku). This was the foundation of the tea ceremony rules for daisu in Shoin decorations, and thereafter, over fifty types of daisu were established in accordance with the Kanewari method, as seen in the "Daisu" chapter of "Nanpo Roku." It was in the mid-Edo period that the nine-tiered daisu (12 tiers in the Urasenke school) seen today, consisting of Shin, Gyo, and So, were organized. The five types of daisu are Shindaisu, Kyudaisu, Takedaisu, Koraidaisu, and Tsumaguredaisu, and others include Oimatsudaisu, Ginkgodaisu, and Yugaodaisu. The pedestal decorations are based on seven basic ornaments, with all the utensils such as a furo kettle, water jar, water pouring bowl, ladle stand, lid rest, fire tongs, and ladle placed on the base, and each ornament is abbreviated accordingly. [Kouichi Tsutsui] Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
書院や広間の点茶用に使用される棚物(たなもの)の一種。元来中国の禅院で使用されていたものを、大応国師南浦紹明(なんぽじょうみょう)が径山興聖万寿寺(きんざんこうしょうまんじゅじ)の住僧虚堂智愚(きどうちぐ)に法を学び、1267年(文永4)の帰朝に際し持ち帰ったとされる(『茶湯古事談(ちゃのゆこじだん)』)。さらにその台子は、南浦が開山となった博多(はかた)の崇福寺(そうふくじ)に将来され、京都の大徳寺に伝わって天竜寺の夢窓疎石(むそうそせき)が点茶に使用したと伝えるが、すべて後世の伝承であって、真偽を明らかにすることはできない。台子飾りによる点茶を初めて行ったのは、1437年(永享9)後花園(ごはなぞの)院が足利義教(あしかがよしのり)の邸(やしき)へ行幸したときの記録『室町殿行幸御餝記(おかざりき)』(徳川美術館蔵)である。義教は、寵臣(ちょうしん)赤松貞村(さだむら)に水干(すいかん)、烏帽子(えぼし)を着けさせて、病気見舞いとして下賜されていた青磁雲竜水指(みずさし)、花山天目(かざんてんもく)、鎌倉茄子(なす)の3種を使った三種極真点前(てまえ)を披露したという(『南方録(なんぽうろく)』)。ここに書院飾りにおける台子の茶法の基礎が成立し、以後、『南方録』「台子」巻にみられるような曲尺割(かねわり)の法にのっとった五十数種にも及ぶ台子の点前が整ったのである。現在みられるような真・行・草の九段台子(裏千家では十二段)に整理されたのは江戸中期のことである。台子の種類としては真台子(しんのだいす)、及(きゅう)台子、竹台子、高麗(こうらい)台子、爪紅(つまぐれ)台子を五つ台子と称し、ほかに老松(おいまつ)台子、銀杏(いちょう)台子、夕顔台子などがある。台子飾りは地板に風炉釜(ふろがま)、水指、建水(けんすい)、杓立(しゃくだて)、蓋置(ふたおき)、火箸(ひばし)、柄杓(ひしゃく)などの皆具(かいぐ)を置く七飾りを真として、それぞれに応じて略していくようになっている。 [筒井紘一] 出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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