Arthroplasty - joint arthroplasty

Japanese: 関節形成術 - かんせつけいせいじゅつ
Arthroplasty - joint arthroplasty

This is a surgery to restore movement to joints that have become immobile due to ankylosis. The patient must be able to move the joint with their own strength, and in the case of lower limb joints, support is also required. Therefore, this surgery cannot be performed for all types of ankylosis.

The surgical method involves first removing the fused joint end and creating a new joint end, then inserting fascia, an artificial membrane, or an artificial joint cap made from synthetic resin or stainless metal to prevent the new joint end from adhering again. There is also a method called artificial head replacement, in which an artificial head is inserted after the head is removed to restore joint function. A typical example is replacing the femoral head in the hip joint. Furthermore, joint replacement surgery, in which the joint end is removed and replaced with an artificial joint made from synthetic resin or stainless metal, is also often performed on the hip joint and knee joint. After surgery, it is necessary to carry out sufficient functional training to restore function.

[Takashi Nagai]

[Reference] | Artificial joint

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

強直して動かなくなった関節を、ふたたび動くようにする手術をいう。自分の力で関節を動かせるようにならなければならないし、また下肢の関節では支持性が同時に要求される。したがって、どんな強直に対しても行えるとは限らない。

 手術方法は、まず癒着した関節端をはがして新しい関節端をつくり、この関節端が癒着するのを防ぐために筋膜、人工膜、あるいは合成樹脂や不銹(ふしゅう)金属でつくった人工関節帽を挿入する。また人工骨頭置換術といって、骨頭切除後に人工骨頭を入れて関節機能を再建する方法も行われる。股(こ)関節に対して大腿(だいたい)骨骨頭を置換するのが代表的なものである。さらに関節置換術といって、関節端を切除して合成樹脂または不銹金属でつくった人工関節で置換する手術も、股関節や膝(しつ)関節などに対してしばしば行われる。手術後は、機能回復のために十分な機能訓練を行うことが必要である。

[永井 隆]

[参照項目] | 人工関節

出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例

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