Interregnum (Latin)

Japanese: 大空位時代 - だいくういじだい(英語表記)Interregnum ラテン語
Interregnum (Latin)

From the fall of the Hohenstaufen dynasty to the accession of Rudolf I of the Habsburg family, Germany had only nominal kings and no real rulers (1256-73). With the death of King Conrad IV (reigned 1250-54) in 1254, the Hohenstaufen dynasty came to an end, and Wilhelm von Holland (1227/28-56, reigned 1247-56), who had been elected as a rival king during his lifetime, also died in 1256. In the midst of this confusion, foreign countries such as England and France approached the secular and religious princes in Germany to seize the German throne. As a result, in the following year, the Archbishops of Cologne and Mainz, the Counts of the Rhine, and the King of Bohemia chose Richard, Earl of Cornwall, the younger brother of King Henry III of England, as King of Germany, while the Archbishop of Trier, the Archduke of Saxony, the Margrave of Brandenburg, and the King of Bohemia (double voting) chose Alfonso X, King of Castile, as King of Germany. However, both were merely puppets of the Kings of England and France, and rarely appeared in Germany. With the death of Richard in 1272, a movement arose to overcome this irregular situation, and in order to avoid double elections, the selection of candidates was left to the Counts of the Rhine. As a result, Rudolf I of the Habsburg family was chosen as King, and the Interregnum ended.

[Shosuke Hirajo]

"New edition of 'German History' edited by Kentaro Hayashi (1977, Yamakawa Publishing)" " The Collapse of the Western Medieval World by Yozo Horimai (1958, Iwanami Shoten)"

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

ホーエンシュタウフェン朝の没落から、ハプスブルク家のルードルフ1世の即位まで、ドイツにおいて名目上の国王のみで実質的支配者が存在しなかった時期(1256~73)。1254年、国王コンラート4世KonradⅣ(在位1250~54)の死によりホーエンシュタウフェン朝は断絶し、彼の生前から対立国王に選出されていたウィルヘルム・フォン・ホラントWilhelm von Holland(1227/28―56、在位1247~56)も1256年に死亡した。この混乱のなかで、イギリス、フランスなど諸外国は、ドイツの王位を獲得すべくドイツ国内の聖俗諸侯に働きかけ、その結果、翌57年、ケルン、マインツ両大司教、ライン宮廷伯、ベーメン王が、イギリス国王ヘンリー3世の弟コーンウォール伯リチャードを、他方トリール大司教、ザクセン大公、ブランデンブルク辺境伯、ベーメン王(二重投票)はカスティーリャ王アルフォンソ10世を、それぞれドイツ国王に選んだ。だが2人ともイギリス国王とフランス国王の傀儡(かいらい)にすぎず、ほとんどドイツに姿をみせることもなかった。1272年リチャードの死とともに、このような変則状態を克服しようとする動きがおこり、二重選挙を避けるため、候補者の選定をライン宮廷伯に一任した。その結果ハプスブルク家のルードルフ1世が国王に選ばれて、大空位時代は終わった。

[平城照介]

『林健太郎編『ドイツ史』新版(1977・山川出版社)』『堀米庸三著『西洋中世世界の崩壊』(1958・岩波書店)』

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