String Manipulation

Japanese: 糸操り - いとあやつり
String Manipulation

A puppet show in which a puppet is suspended by strings and manipulated. Strings are hung from an eye-shaped handboard and tied to the puppet's head, hands, legs, kimono, etc., allowing it to be manipulated from above. The standard number of strings is 19. Professional theatre companies include the Yuki Magosaburo troupe in Tokyo and the Takeda Puppet Theatre, which split off from the troupe after World War II, the Ningyo Yukiza in Kanagawa Prefecture, and a local performing arts troupe in Masuda City, Shimane Prefecture. These are considered to be of the Edo type, but a simple Izumo type with a T-shaped or K-shaped frame and five to six strings remains in Shunan City, Yamaguchi Prefecture (formerly Kumage Town) and other places. String puppetry in Japan is believed to date back to the Nara period, based on dolls unearthed at the site of Heijo Palace, but it is clear that it dates back to the early Edo period, when it was also called "Nanking puppetry." It flourished in the middle period, then fell into decline, before being revived at the end of the Edo period. A puppet from the Bunka period (1804-18) remains in Nyuzen Town, Shimoniikawa County, Toyama Prefecture, and is over 90 centimeters long. In the late Meiji period, Yuki Magosaburo IX improved it to about 50 centimeters. In China it is called a hanging string puppet or a wire puppet, and in Europe it is called a marionette. In the mid-Meiji period, the British Dark troupe visited Japan and became very popular.

[Masahiro Nishikado]

[Reference] | Marionette

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

人形を糸で吊(つ)って操る人形劇。目の字型の手板から糸を垂らして人形の頭(かしら)、手、脚(あし)、着物などに結び、上から操る。糸は19本が標準。職業劇団として東京都に結城(ゆうき)孫三郎一座と、ここから第二次世界大戦後分立した竹田人形座が、神奈川県に人形結城座があり、島根県益田(ますだ)市に郷土芸能の一座がある。これらを江戸系とするが、T字型やキの字型の受け枠で、糸も5本から6本の単純な出雲(いずも)系が山口県周南(しゅうなん)市(旧熊毛(くまげ)町)などに遺存する。わが国の糸操りは、平城宮址(し)出土の人形から奈良時代にさかのぼるかと推定されるが、はっきりするのは江戸初期で、「南京(ナンキン)操り」ともよばれ、中期に栄えていったん衰微し、末期に復興を果たした。富山県下新川(しもにいかわ)郡入善(にゅうぜん)町に文化期(1804~18)の人形が残っており、90センチメートル以上ある。明治後期に9代目結城孫三郎が改良して50センチメートル程度となった。中国では懸糸傀儡(くぐつ)、提線傀儡などとよばれ、ヨーロッパではマリオネットとよばれる。明治中ごろにイギリスのダーク一座が来朝し、評判となった。

[西角井正大]

[参照項目] | マリオネット

出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例

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