This refers to the social unrest that began in July 1789 in the countryside throughout France at the beginning of the French Revolution. The economic crisis at the end of the old system before the revolution, i.e. the emergence of an agricultural proletariat due to modern disintegration, and the mobility of the population in the countryside, caused an increase in the number of unemployed workers in cities, and peasants feared that these floating groups would invade the countryside. This fear was linked to the legends of plundering during the Seven Years' War, and a situation was created in which panic such as robbery attacks could spread with the slightest rumor or suggestion. The peasants' rebellion against the feudal lordship, which began in the spring of 1789, progressed in the form of recapturing common land and destroying enclosed land. This, combined with the news of the successful capture of the Bastille in Paris on July 14 and the subsequent concessions by the royal power, raised political consciousness of confronting the conspiracies of the aristocracy against the revolution and generally of a decisive battle against the counter-revolutionary forces. Responding to the alarm and warning, the peasants organized mass actions and directly attacked the lords and the feudal system, such as storming manors and burning documents, especially those related to feudal land ownership. This panic took various forms depending on the region and on the way the leadership of the revolutionaries was combined with the initiative of the peasants, but overall it calmed down with the progress of the municipal revolution in local cities at the end of July. Ultimately, it was the main driving force behind the resolution to abolish feudalism in the Constituent Assembly. [Kinichi Higuchi] Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
フランス革命の初期、1789年の7月からフランス全国の農村に巻き起こった社会不安をさす。革命前の旧制度の末期における経済危機、すなわち近代的分解による農業プロレタリアートの発生、農村での人口の流動化などによって、都市での失業労働者が増加してくると、耕作農民は、この浮動集団が農村に侵入してくることを恐れた。そしてこの恐怖が、かつての七年戦争下の略奪の伝承に結び付いて、ほんの少しのうわさや、わずかの暗示によって、強盗来襲といったパニックの広がりうる状況が醸成されていた。89年春から始まった領主制に対する農民の反抗は、共有地の奪還、囲い込み地の破壊といった形で進行していたが、これが、7月14日のパリにおけるバスチーユ攻略成功、これに対する王権の譲歩の報と結び付いた結果、革命に反対する貴族の陰謀との対決、一般的に反革命勢力に対する決戦という政治意識を高揚させた。警鐘と警報に応じて農民は集団行動を組織し、館邸の襲撃、封建的土地所有に関係する書類を中心とした文書の焼却など、領主および領主制に対する直接攻撃を行った。このパニック現象は、地方によって、また、革命派による指導と農民の自発性との結合のあり方によって、さまざまな形をとったが、全体的には7月末における地方諸都市の市政革命の進行によって鎮静化へと向かった。最終的には憲法制定議会における封建制廃止決議への最大の動因となった。 [樋口謹一] 出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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