It is also called Na + ,K + -ATPase. It is a molecule that uses the energy of ATP to pump Na + out of the cell, and is composed of αβ subunits. The α (approximately 113 kDa) subunit has ATPase activity, and the β (approximately 55 kDa) subunit has a sugar chain. It is a protein pump embedded in the cell membrane, and every time it consumes one molecule of ATP, it expels three Na + out of the cell and takes two K + into the cell. As a result, in many cells, the Na + concentration inside is less than one-tenth of that outside, and conversely, the K + concentration inside is more than 20 times that outside. By utilizing the concentration gradient of Na + inside and outside the cell that is formed in this way, materials necessary for cellular activity (such as sugars and amino acids) are taken into the cell. Na + ,K + -ATPase is present in all cells, and is sometimes called the king of the cell world, in the sense that cells cannot survive without it. The amount of ATP consumed by a person in a day is roughly equivalent to the person's body weight, and about 20% of that is used to drive this pump. Furthermore, if we only consider the charges carried by Na + ,K + -ATPase, there are three Na + ions on the outside and two K + ions inside, which means that the inside of the cell is negative. In nerve cells where Na + ,K + -ATPase is actively working, the inside is significantly negative (resting potential). In nerve cells and sensory cells, Na + flows from the outside to the inside when a stimulus is received, causing the inside of the cell to become transiently positive (action potential). The kidneys also contain large amounts of Na + ,K + -ATPase, where it supplies driving force to various ion transporters and contributes to maintaining the electrolyte balance in the body. Source: Morikita Publishing "Chemical Dictionary (2nd Edition)" Information about the Chemical Dictionary 2nd Edition |
Na+,K+-ATPアーゼともいう.ATPのエネルギーを使って細胞外に Na+ をくみ出す分子で,αβサブユニットからなる.α(約113 kDa)サブユニットにATPアーゼ活性があり,β(約55 kDa)には糖鎖がついている.細胞膜に埋め込まれたタンパク質製のポンプで,ATPを1分子消費するごとに3個の Na+ を細胞外に排出し,2個の K+ を細胞内に取り込む.その結果,多くの細胞では,Na+ 濃度は,内部が外部の10分の1以下であり,逆に K+ 濃度は内部が外部の20倍以上になっている.このようにして形成される細胞内外の Na+ の濃度勾配を利用して,細胞の活動に必要な素材(糖やアミノ酸など)が細胞内に取り込まれる.Na+,K+-ATPアーゼはすべての細胞に存在し,それなしでは細胞は生存できないという意味で,細胞の世界のキングとよばれることもある.人が1日に消費するATPは,重さにしてほぼその人の体重に匹敵するが,そのうちの約20% がこのポンプの駆動に使われている.また,Na+,K+-ATPアーゼによって運ばれる電荷のみを考えると,外部に Na+ として3個,内部に K+ として2個ゆえ,差し引きすると細胞内がマイナスとなる.Na+,K+-ATPアーゼが活発にはたらいている神経細胞では,内部がかなりのマイナス(静止電位)となっている.神経細胞や感覚細胞では,刺激受容時に外部から内部に向かって Na+ が流入し,細胞内が一過性にプラス(活動電位)となる.Na+,K+-ATPアーゼは腎臓にも多く含まれている.ここでは種々のイオン輸送体に駆動力を供給し,体内の電解質バランスの保持に寄与している. 出典 森北出版「化学辞典(第2版)」化学辞典 第2版について 情報 |
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