Prenatal education

Japanese: 胎教 - たいきょう
Prenatal education

This is the idea that pregnant women should have a positive effect on the fetus through spiritual training. Since ancient times, spiritual factors have been widely considered one of the external causes of congenital abnormalities. For example, the idea was that the spiritual impressions of the parents at the time of conception and the mother during pregnancy were directly reflected in the fetus, or that stress such as a spiritual shock on the mother was related to the occurrence of morphological abnormalities in the fetus. In the West, this was called maternal impression, and in China and Japan, it was linked to Confucianism and called prenatal education.

The mother and fetus are connected by the umbilical cord, which has blood vessels but no nerves. Therefore, it is not believed that the activity of the mother's brain cells directly affects the brain cells of the fetus. Even if the mother suddenly starts studying, it has no relation to making the fetus smarter, and many of these claims are completely unfounded scientifically. However, it is known that the mental state of a pregnant woman is easily unstable and her emotions become more intense, and it is entirely conceivable that strong emotional emotions cause fluctuations in the blood components, which then affect the fetus through the blood vessels of the umbilical cord. Useless superstitions should be rejected, but it is necessary to maintain mental composure by making good use of the original purpose of prenatal education, and we must not forget to ask for the cooperation of those around us.

[Masao Arai]

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

妊婦が精神修養を行うことによって胎児によい影響を与えようとする思想をいう。古来、先天異常に対する外因の一つとして精神的要因が広く考えられてきた。たとえば、受胎時における両親や妊娠中の母親の精神的印象がそのまま胎児に反映するとか、母親の精神的ショックなどのストレスが胎児の形態異常発生に関係するといった考え方である。これを西洋ではmaternal impression(胎内感応)といい、中国や日本では儒教と結び付いて胎教とよばれたわけである。

 母体と胎児は臍帯(さいたい)(へその緒)でつながっているが、これには血管はあっても神経が見当たらない。したがって、母体の脳細胞の働きが胎児の脳細胞に直接影響するとは考えられない。母親がにわか勉強しても胎児の頭がよくなることとは無関係であり、科学的にはまったく根拠のないものが少なくない。しかし、妊娠中は精神状態が不安定になりやすく、喜怒哀楽が激しくなることは知られており、強度の精神感動が血液成分に変動をもたらし、これが臍帯の血管を通して胎児に影響を与えることは十分に考えられるわけである。無益な迷信は排斥すべきであるが、胎教本来の趣旨を善用して精神の平静を守ることは必要であり、周囲の協力も忘れてはならない。

[新井正夫]

出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例

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