University South Campus - Daigaku Nankou

Along with Daigaku Toko, this was a national Western-style school that became the origin of the University of Tokyo. In 1869 (Meiji 2), the new Meiji government renamed the former Shogunate direct-controlled school, Shohei School (formerly Shoheiko, now Yushima 1-chome, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo), into Daigaku, and at the same time re-established Kaisei School (formerly the vaccination center -> Kaisei School) and Medical School (formerly the vaccination center), each of which became branches of the university. When the university was renamed Daigaku (Main Campus) in the same year, Kaisei School, located south of the university, was renamed Daigaku Minami Campus, and Medical School, located east of the university, was renamed Daigaku Toko. The following year, in 1870, Daigaku (Main Campus) was closed for the time being, and the Western studies-oriented Daigaku Minami Campus and Daigaku Toko Campus came to form the foundations of the modern university. Initially, the subjects at Daigaku Nanko were Denshu (language), Koshu (history, geography, science, literary studies), and mathematics, but with the establishment of the "Daigaku Nanko Regulations" (1870), the subjects were broadly divided into two: general and specialist (law, science, literary studies). When recruiting students, the "contribution student system" was adopted, in which each domain was asked to recommend outstanding young men (over 300 people), and this resulted in the production of many talented students. The school played an active role in introducing modern Western academics by hiring many foreign teachers, including Verbeck, and sending Japanese instructors and graduates to study abroad.

In 1871, the University was abolished and the Ministry of Education was established, and Daigaku Minami School was renamed simply Minami School, and when the "Education System" was promulgated in 1872, it became the first middle school in the First University District. Initially, the curriculum was centered on general studies taught in foreign languages, but as more and more students graduated, a higher-level institution was needed to impart specialized studies, and the school was upgraded to a technical school offering courses in law, science, engineering, arts and sciences, and mining. The school's name was also changed several times, to the old Kaisei School (1873), and then to Tokyo Kaisei School (1874), before merging with Tokyo Medical School (formerly the University of Tokyo East School) in 1877 to form the University of Tokyo.

[Toru Magose]

"The Fifty Year History of Tokyo Imperial University, Vol. 1" (1932, University of Tokyo Press) "The One Hundred Years of Tokyo University, 1877-1977" (1977, University of Tokyo Press) "The One Hundred Years of Tokyo University, General History I" (1984, University of Tokyo Press)

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

大学東校とともに東京大学の源流となった官立洋学校。1869年（明治2）明治新政府は旧幕府直轄学校の昌平学校（旧昌平黌(しょうへいこう)、現在の東京都文京区湯島1丁目）を大学校に改めると同時に、開成学校（旧種痘所→開成所）、医学校（旧種痘所）を再興し、それぞれを大学校の分局とした。同年大学校が大学（本校）と改称された際、大学の南方に位置する開成学校は大学南校、東方の医学校は大学東校と改称された。翌1870年大学（本校）が当分の間、閉鎖されるに及び、洋学系の大学南校と東校が近代大学の礎石を形成することになった。当初大学南校の学科は、伝習（語学）、講習（歴史、地理、究理、文典）、数学であったが、「大学南校規則」（1870）の制定により、普通、専門（法、理、文）の2科に大別されるようになった。学生募集にあたっては、各藩から優秀な青年（300余名）を推薦させる「貢進生制度」を採用し、それによって多くの人材を輩出するに至った。教員にはフルベッキをはじめとする外国人教師を多数雇うとともに、日本人教官や卒業生を海外に留学させるなど、西洋近代の学術導入に積極的な役割を演じた。

　1871年、大学を廃止して文部省が新設され、大学南校は単に南校と改称、72年「学制」の発布とともに第一大学区第一番中学となった。当初の教育内容は外国語による普通学が中心であったが、卒業生が出るに及び専門学を授ける上級の機関が必要となり、法学、理学、工業学、諸芸学、鉱山学の課程を置く専門学校に昇格した。校名も旧来の開成学校（1873）、さらには東京開成学校（1874）と改称を重ね、1877年、東京医学校（旧大学東校）と合併して東京大学の創設となった。

［馬越　徹］

『『東京帝国大学五十年史　上冊』（1932・東京大学出版会）』▽『『東京大学の百年・1877―1977』（1977・東京大学出版会）』▽『『東京大学百年史・通史一』（1984・東京大学出版会）』

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