Sorbonne - Sorbonne (English spelling)

Japanese: ソルボンヌ - そるぼんぬ(英語表記)Sorbonne
Sorbonne - Sorbonne (English spelling)

The common name for the University of Paris, France, which is the country's oldest university. Along with the University of Bologna in Italy, and the universities of Oxford and Cambridge in the UK, it is counted among the prestigious universities that attracted academics from all over Europe in medieval Europe. It was originally established in Paris in the 13th century by the priest Robert de Sorbon (1201-74) as a dormitory and research building primarily for theological research and lectures, but it gradually expanded its fields of study to include humanities, social sciences, natural sciences, medicine, and more. At the end of the 19th century, it was renamed and reorganized as the national "University of Paris," but the name "Sorbonne" has long been a familiar nickname for the university.

The founder, Sorbonne, established the Faculty of Theology in 1257, which expanded into the Faculty of Philosophy and Letters in 1271. Since then, the Sorbonne has experienced ups and downs several times in its history, including the Renaissance, the Revolution, and the Napoleonic era, as it was shaken by the rise of modern science and the decline of the Church. However, in the 1890s, the Minister of Education, Jules Ferry, reformed the university by integrating the faculties (faculties), giving it the status of a university (université), and it became the University of Paris, and developed in the 20th century. After World War II, the university grew to over 200,000 students, and the old management and administration system could no longer cope, which was the spark that ignited the worldwide student revolt (May Revolution) of 1968-1969. Following this turmoil, a comprehensive overhaul of French higher education (the Faure Reforms) was carried out, which led to the University of Paris being separated and independent into 13 new national universities (Paris I to Paris XIII) located in and around Paris. Among these, University of Paris I (Université Panthéon-Sorbonne) and University of Paris III (Université de la Sorbonne Nouvelle), both of which were established in the traditional main campus area known as the Latin Quarter in the 7th arrondissement of Paris, still retain the official nickname of "Sorbonne", and University of Paris IV (Université de Paris-Sorbonne), which offers majors in humanities, social sciences, and arts, is considered to be a university directly descended from the old Sorbonne.

[Seiji Inoue]

[References] | Latin Quarter | May Revolution | University of Paris | Ferry | Fall
University of Paris (Sorbonne)
The oldest university in France. It originated from the Sorbonne, which was established by the monk Sorbonne in the 13th century. It developed into one of the most prestigious universities in Europe, but was dissolved in 1968 due to an increase in the number of students, and reorganized into 13 new universities. Paris I to Paris IX are located in the city of Paris. The photo shows the main gate of the University III and University IV campuses in the Latin Quarter. Paris, France ©Masashi Tanaka ">

University of Paris (Sorbonne)


Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

フランス、パリにある同国最古の歴史をもつパリ大学の通称。イタリアのボローニャ大学、イギリスのオックスフォード、ケンブリッジ両大学などと並び、中世ヨーロッパで各国から好学の徒が集まった名門大学の一つに数えられる。起源は、13世紀に聖職者ソルボンRobert de Sorbon(1201―74)がパリに開設した、神学の研究・講義を主とする学寮兼研究棟であったが、やがて人文・社会科学、自然科学、医学等へと漸次分野を広げて発展。19世紀末には国立「パリ大学」に改称・再編されるが、「ソルボンヌ」の名は、以後も久しく通称として親しまれてきた。

 創設者ソルボンは、1257年に「神学部」を設立、1271年には「哲学・文芸学部」に発展させたが、以後、ルネサンス期、大革命期、ナポレオン時代と続く歴史のなかで、ソルボンヌは、近代科学の勃興(ぼっこう)、教会の衰退などの大波に揺られながら、何度か浮沈する。しかし、1890年代、文部大臣ジュール・フェリーによる数次の改革で、学部(ファキュルテ)を統合した大学(ユニベルシテ)という地位を与えられて「パリ大学」となり、20世紀に入って発展した。第二次世界大戦後、一大学で学生数20万人を超えるまでにマンモス化し、旧来の管理・運営制度が対応できなくなり、1968~1969年の世界的な学生造反(五月革命)の発火点ともなった。そうした混乱ののち断行されたフランス高等教育の全面的な刷新(フォール改革)によって、パリ大学はパリ市内外に及ぶ13校の新制国立大学(パリ第一~パリ第十三大学)に分離・独立した。うち、パリ7区の「カルチエ・ラタン」(ラテン区)と称される伝統的な本家キャンパス地区に開学されたパリ第一大学Université Panthéon-Sorbonne、パリ第三大学Université de la Sorbonne Nouvelleなどは、「ソルボンヌ」の正式別称を残しており、なかでも、人文・社会科学、芸術を主専攻分野とするパリ第四大学Université de Paris-Sorbonneは、旧ソルボンヌ直系の大学と目されている。

[井上星児]

[参照項目] | カルチエ・ラタン | 五月革命 | パリ大学 | フェリー | フォール
パリ大学(ソルボンヌ)
フランス最古の大学。13世紀に僧侶ソルボンが開設したソルボンヌ学舎を起源とする。ヨーロッパ屈指の名門大学として発展したが、学生数の増加に伴って1968年に解体され、13の新制大学に再編された。パリ市内にはパリ第一~第九大学がある。写真はカルチエ・ラタンにある第三・第四大学キャンパスの正門。フランス パリ©Masashi Tanaka">

パリ大学(ソルボンヌ)


出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例

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