The main island of the Yaeyama Islands in Okinawa Prefecture. The entire island belongs to Ishigaki City. It has an area of 222.57 square kilometers. It is the third largest island in Okinawa Prefecture after the main island of Okinawa and Iriomote Island. Mountains run along the axis of the island, with the highest peak in Okinawa Prefecture, Mt. Omotodake (526 meters), at its center, and the mountains make up about 50% of the island's area. Surrounding the mountains are coastal terraces made of Ryukyu limestone, which make up about 30% of the island's area. In addition, alluvial lowlands with mangrove swamps spread out at the mouths of the Miyara River and Nagura River, and are used as rice paddy areas. The wetland at the mouth of the Nagura River, "Nagura Amparu," was registered as a Ramsar Convention wetland in 2005. The geology of the mountainous area is composed of the Ishigaki Group, which is made up of ancient metamorphic rocks called the Tomisaki Formation, limestone from the Miyara Formation of the Paleogene System, and green tuff volcanic rocks from the Nosoko Formation. The plateau is widely distributed with gravel layers and Quaternary rocks made up of Ryukyu limestone. The island is surrounded by beautiful fringing coral reefs, and the shallow sea leading to Iriomote Island forms one of Japan's few barrier reefs, called Sekisei Lagoon. The surrounding sea areas from the north to the east, and the sea area of Sekisei Lagoon, are designated as Iriomote-Ishigaki National Park. The mountainous area is home to natural scenery with subtropical vegetation and fauna, but the plateau is now made up of sugarcane fields and ranches. In recent years, the island has been bustling with beachgoers and honeymooners attracted by the coral reefs all year round. According to the entry for December 5, 714 in the Shoku Nihongi, the "Shigaki" people who came to Japan were likened to the people of Ishigaki Island. In 1390 (7th year of Genchu, 1st year of Meitoku), Ishigaki Island became an attached territory of the Ryukyu King after paying tribute to him. Until the beginning of the Meiji period, it was a branch office of the royal government and was home to the ruling class, maintaining its central position in the Yaeyama Islands. Population: 47,576 (2009). [Shigekazu Mezaki] [References] | | |Iriomote-Ishigaki National Park. Ramsar Convention registered wetlands. Ishigaki City, Okinawa Prefecture ©Okinawa Tourism and Convention Bureau "> Nagura Ampal Iriomote-Ishigaki National Park. Nationally designated scenic spot Ishigaki City, Okinawa Prefecture ©Okinawa Tourism and Convention Bureau "> Kabira Bay Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
沖縄県八重山列島(やえやまれっとう)中の主島。全島石垣市に属す。面積222.57平方キロメートル。沖縄本島、西表(いりおもて)島に次ぐ沖縄県第3位の大きさである。沖縄県の最高峰である於茂登岳(おもとだけ)(526メートル)を中心に、島軸に沿って山地が続き、島の約50%の面積を山地で占める。その山地を囲むように琉球(りゅうきゅう)石灰岩からなる海岸段丘群が島の約30%の面積を占有する。また、宮良(みやら)川や名蔵(なぐら)川などの河口にはマングローブ湿地をもつ沖積低地が広がり、水田地帯となっている。そのうち名蔵川河口部の湿地「名蔵アンパル」は、2005年(平成17)にラムサール条約登録湿地となった。山地部の地質は、チュムラスと、富崎層とよばれる古期変成岩類の石垣層群からなるほか、古第三系の宮良層の石灰岩や、野底層のグリーンタフ系の火山岩類から構成されている。台地は、砂礫(されき)層や、琉球石灰岩からなる第四系が広く分布する。また、島の全周は美しい裾礁(きょしょう)のサンゴ礁で取り巻かれ、西表島までの浅海は、石西礁湖(せきせいしょうこ)とよばれる日本で数少ない堡礁(ほしょう)をなしている。北部から東部の周辺海域、石西礁湖の海域などが西表石垣国立公園域に指定される。亜熱帯性の植生、動物群をもつ自然景観が山地部で認められるが、台地はサトウキビ畑や牧場となっている。近年、サンゴ礁の海に魅せられた海水浴客や新婚旅行客で年中にぎわいをみせている。なお石垣島は『続日本紀(しょくにほんぎ)』和銅(わどう)7年(714)12月5日条によれば、日本に渡ってきた「信覚(しがき)」人は石垣島の人に擬せられている。1390年(元中7・明徳1)琉球王へ入貢以来その付属領となり、明治初年まで王府の出先機関が置かれ、支配階級も居住して八重山の中心的地位を保っていた。人口4万7576(2009)。 [目崎茂和] [参照項目] | | |西表石垣国立公園域。ラムサール条約登録湿地。沖縄県石垣市©沖縄観光コンベンションビューロー"> 名蔵アンパル 西表石垣国立公園域。国指定名勝 沖縄県石垣市©沖縄観光コンベンションビューロー"> 川平湾 出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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