Capacity to sue - capacity to sue (English spelling)

Japanese: 訴訟能力 - そしょうのうりょく（英語表記）Prozessfähigkeit

(1) Under the Civil Procedure Act, the capacity required to effectively pursue a lawsuit on one's own as a party to a lawsuit. Who is recognized as having capacity to sue is determined in accordance with the Civil Code and other laws and regulations. Therefore, persons with limited legal capacity (minors, adult wards, persons under curatorship, and persons under assistance) have limited capacity to sue. In contrast, persons with legal capacity have full capacity to sue, but actions taken while in a state of lacking mental capacity are not treated as litigation. A judgment made based on a litigation act performed by a person without litigation capacity can be set aside by appeal or retrial.
(2) Although there is no direct explicit wording in the Code of Criminal Procedure, in the case of a corporation, its representative performs litigation, if the corporation is mentally incompetent, a legal representative acts on its behalf, and if the defendant is in a state of mental incapacity, trial proceedings are suspended. Therefore, mental capacity should be interpreted as capacity to litigate.

Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information

Japanese:

(1) 民事訴訟法上，訴訟当事者としてみずから単独で有効に訴訟を追行するのに必要な能力。いかなる者に訴訟能力が認められるかについては，民法その他の法令に準拠して決定される。したがって，制限行為能力者（未成年者，成年被後見人，被保佐人，被補助人）は訴訟能力を制限される。これに対して，行為能力者は完全な訴訟能力を有するが，意思能力を欠く状態でしたものは訴訟行為として取り扱われない。訴訟能力のない者の行なった訴訟行為に基づいてなされた判決は，上訴，再審によって取り消される。
(2) 刑事訴訟法には直接の明文はないが，法人については代表者が訴訟行為を行ない，意思無能力のときは法定代理人が代理し，被告人が心神喪失の状態にあるときは公判手続を停止するから，意思能力を訴訟能力と解すべきである。

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