...After the Abbasid Caliphate declined in the 10th century and the Fatimid Caliphate of Egypt developed, the Red Sea route replaced the Persian Gulf route as the main East-West route until the 15th century. However, the Persian Gulf route did not fall into disuse, and the two major trading ports near the mouth of the gulf, Kish (before the 11th to 14th centuries) and Hurmuz (after the early 14th century), prospered as points of contact with the inland trade routes of the Mongol Empire and the Ottoman Empire, and also by monopolizing the export of Persian and Arabian horses to India, which had rapidly increased since the 11th century due to changes in the form of warfare. During this period, Arab and Persian settlements developed along the coast of East Africa, and the Islamization of India and Southeast Asia progressed, further expanding and diversifying the Islamic world around the Indian Ocean. *Some of the terminology explanations that mention "Hurmuz" are listed below. Source | Heibonsha World Encyclopedia 2nd Edition | Information |
…10世紀にアッバース朝が衰退し,エジプトのファーティマ朝が発展して以来15世紀まで,ペルシア湾ルートに代わって紅海ルートが東西の幹線ルートになったといわれる。しかし,ペルシア湾ルートがすたれたわけではなく,湾口に近いキーシュKīsh(11~14世紀前),ホルムズHurmuz(14世紀初頭以後)の二大貿易港が,モンゴル帝国,オスマン・トルコ帝国の内陸貿易ルートとの接点として,また11世紀以来戦闘形態の変化により急増したペルシア馬,アラブ馬のインドへの輸出を独占して繁栄した。この時期に東アフリカ沿岸のアラブ,ペルシア人の居留地が発展し,インドや東南アジアのイスラム化が進展するなど,インド洋周辺でのイスラム世界の拡大と多様化がさらに進んだ。… ※「Hurmuz」について言及している用語解説の一部を掲載しています。 出典|株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典 第2版について | 情報 |
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