This is the ancient name for the area centered on the Zerafshan River basin, which flows east to west between the upper reaches of the Amu Darya and the Syr Darya. Islamic historians call it Mawar-annahr, meaning "the land on the other side of the river," and in China it was called Zokutoku. Most of it belongs to the Republic of Uzbekistan, and the eastern part belongs to the Republic of Tajikistan. Agriculture has been thriving since ancient times, and city-states such as Samarkand and Bukhara were built there. It became part of the territory of the Achaemenid Empire of Persia and Alexander the Great, and was ruled by Bactria, the Great Yuezhi, the Kushan Empire, the Sassanid Empire of Persia, the Hephthalites, and the Western Turks, before being conquered by the Arabs in the 8th century and Islamized. It was captured by Genghis Khan (1220) and devastated, but was restored when Timur rose to power and made Samarkand his capital (1370). It subsequently underwent Uzbek rule, occupation by Russian troops (1868), and the Soviet era, before reaching the present day. [Masao Mamoru] [References] |Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
アムダリヤとシルダリヤ両川上流の中間を東西に流れるゼラフシャン川流域を中心とする古名。イスラム史家は「川の彼岸の地」という意味でマーワラー・アンナフルとよび、中国では粟特(ぞくとく)などと称した。大部分がウズベキスタン共和国に、東方の一部がタジキスタン共和国に属する。古くから農業が盛んで、サマルカンド、ブハラなどの都市国家が建てられた。アケメネス朝ペルシア、アレクサンドロス大王の領土の一部となり、バクトリア、大月氏、クシャン朝、ササン朝ペルシア、エフタル、西突厥(とっけつ)の支配を受けて、8世紀にアラブ人に征服されイスラム化した。チンギス・ハンに攻略されて(1220)荒廃したが、ティームールが興ってサマルカンドを首都とした(1370)ため復興した。そののちウズベク人の支配、ロシア軍の占領(1868)、ソ連時代を経て今日に至っている。 [護 雅夫] [参照項目] |出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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