Eyre, Edward John

Japanese: エア（英語表記）Eyre， Edward John

Born: August 5, 1815, Hornsea, Yorkshire
[Died] November 30, 1901. British explorer and colonial administrator near Tavistock, Devon. He left a particularly significant mark on the exploration of Australia. He emigrated to Australia in 1833 and conducted full-scale exploration of the continent. In connection with the development of the South Australian colony, which began in 1836, he set out from Adelaide, the center of the colony, and in 1839 "discovered" Lake Eyre and Lake Torrens. The following year he explored the southwestern coastal region, heading for Streaky Bay, and then along the coast across the western desert to Albany, where he confirmed that the region was a barren wilderness. He subsequently served as administrator in New Zealand (1846-53), the West Indies (54-60), and Jamaica (61-66). During his term as administrator in Jamaica, he executed more than 400 people in the suppression of a rebellion in 1865, and was recalled to his home country. J. S. Mill, H. Spencer and others denounced his actions as murder, and A. Tennyson defended him, but he was not found guilty.

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Ayr

Ayrshire is the administrative capital of South Ayrshire, in the southwest of Scotland. It faces the Firth of Clyde and is located at the mouth of the River Aire. It became a royal city in 1202 and developed as a major port on the west coast of Scotland in the Middle Ages. It lost its status as a major port with the development of ports along the River Clyde to the north, but in the 19th century it became a seaside resort for the Scottish upper class, and heavy machinery, metal, and textile industries also began during this period. Today, the main industries are electronics, fertilizer, and food processing. With beaches and a horse racing course, it is a popular resort, and is also an important commercial center, fishing port, and coal shipping port. Alloway, in the southern suburbs, is the birthplace of Scotland's national poet Robert Burns, and contains his birthplace and museum. Population: 46,120 (2004 estimate).

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Ea

Babylonian god. In Sumer, he was called Enki. His name Ea means "house of water". He is one of the three gods of the Babylonian pantheon, along with Anu and Enlil. He is the ruler of the underground ocean Apus, and is in charge of wisdom, fertility, medicine, arts, and sculpture. He is therefore considered the patron deity of carpenters, stonemasons, and precious metal craftsmen. He is a friend of mankind, and when the gods caused a great flood, he had Utnabishtim build an ark to save them. He is the son of the goddess Ba'u and the father of Marduk. His wives were Damkina and Berit. His sanctuary was in Eridu, and he was depicted as a man symbolized by a goat with a fish tail, a man spouting water from his shoulders, or a man holding a jar in his hand.

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Ayr

A city located 98 km southeast of Townsville on the northeast coast of Queensland, Australia. It is the centre of the irrigated sugar cane growing region in the lower Burdekin delta. The town of Home Hill is on the south bank of the river. Population 8639 (1986).

Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information

Japanese:

[生]1815.8.5. ヨークシャー，ホーンシー
[没]1901.11.30. デボン，タビストック近郊
イギリスの探検家，植民地行政官。特にオーストラリアの探検に大きな足跡を残した。 1833年オーストラリアに移住，同大陸の本格的な探検を行なった。 36年より始った南オーストラリア植民地の開拓の事業に関連して，その中心であるアデレードの方面より探検の歩を進め，39年エア湖，トレンズ湖などを「発見」。その翌年には南西部の沿岸地方を探検してストリーキー湾に向い，さらに海岸に沿い西方の砂漠を越えてオールバニに達し，この地方が不毛の大原野であることを確認した。その後，ニュージーランド (1846～53) ，西インド諸島 (54～60) ，ジャマイカ (61～66) の行政官を歴任。ジャマイカの行政官在任中の 65年反乱の鎮圧で 400人以上を処刑し，本国に召還された。 J.S.ミル，H.スペンサーらは，彼の処置を殺人として糾弾し，A.テニソンは彼を弁護した。結局彼は有罪とされるにいたらなかった。

エア
Ayr

イギリス，スコットランド南西部，サウスエアシャーの行政府所在地。クライド湾に臨み，エア川の河口に位置する。1202年勅許都市となり，中世にはスコットランド西岸の主要港として発展。北のクライド川沿岸諸港の発展に伴って主要港としての地位を失ったが，19世紀に入ってスコットランドの上流階級のための海浜保養地となり，重機械，金属，繊維などの工業もこの時期に始まった。今日では電子機器，肥料，食品加工などの工業が主。海水浴場や競馬場があり，大衆的な保養地としてにぎわい，また商業中心地，漁港，石炭積出港としても重要。南郊のアロウェーはスコットランドの国民詩人ロバート・バーンズの生地で，生家と博物館がある。人口 4万6120（2004推計）。

エア
Ea

バビロニアの神。シュメール地方ではエンキと呼ばれる。エアという名は「水の家」を意味する。アヌ，エンリルとともにバビロニア・パンテオンの三体一座をなす水神。地底の大洋アプスの支配者で知恵，豊穣，医術，芸術，彫刻を司る。そのため，大工，石工，貴金属細工師の保護神とされる。人類の友であり，神々が大洪水を起したときは，ウトナビシュチムに方舟を造らせて人間を救った。女神バーウーの息子でマルドゥクの父。妻はダムキナとベリット。聖所はエリドゥにあり，魚の尾をもつやぎで象徴された男や肩から水をふき出す男，あるいは手に瓶を持つ男の姿で表現された。