《Ettuthai》 - Ettuthai

Japanese: 《エットゥトハイ》 - えっとぅとはい
《Ettuthai》 - Ettuthai

… [Masayuki Onishi]
[Tamil Literature]
The Dravidian people are the indigenous people of India who live in the southern part of the Indian subcontinent. The Tamils, the main group of the Dravidian people, possess a wealth of literature dating back to the early Christian era, and these materials occupy an important position second only to Sanskrit literature in understanding ancient Indian culture. The oldest surviving Tamil literature, Eṭṭutokai (Eight Songs) and Pattuppāṭṭu (Ten Poems), the main parts of which were written between the 1st and 3rd centuries AD, mainly consist of lyric poems on the themes of love and war, and hymns to kings. They are called Sangam literature based on the legend that they were compiled by the royal academy (Sangam). Compared to Sanskrit literature, Sangam literature is characterized by a strong secular character and a preference for short verse forms.

From Sangam Literature

...It is a collection of lyric poems composed by nearly 500 poets mainly from the 1st to 3rd centuries, and is commonly called "Sangam literature" based on the legend that it was compiled at the "Sangam (royal literary academy)". By the 13th century at the latest, the whole was divided into "Ettuthai (Eight Poems)" and "Pattupattu (Ten Poems)". The former contains 2,371 short poems of 3 to 31 lines, and the latter contains 10 long poems of 103 to 782 lines. Sangam works are traditionally divided into two genres: "Aham (internal)", which has the theme of love, and "Pram (external)", which takes the theme of war, but in terms of content, most of them (about 80%) belong to the "Aham" genre, which depicts love.

*Some of the terminology explanations that mention "Ettuthai" are listed below.

Source | Heibonsha World Encyclopedia 2nd Edition | Information

Japanese:

…【大西 正幸】
[タミル文学]
 ドラビダ民族は,インド亜大陸南部に住むインドの先住民族であるが,彼らの主要グループであるタミル人は,紀元初頭にまでさかのぼる文献を豊富に所有しており,それらの資料は古代インド文化を知る上で,サンスクリット文献に次ぐ重要な位置を占めている。後1世紀から3世紀にかけて主要部分が成立した現存最古のタミル文学《エットゥトハイEṭṭutokai(八つの詞華集)》と《パットゥパートゥPattuppāṭṭu(十の詩編)》は,恋愛や戦争をテーマとした抒情詩や王に対する賛歌がおもな内容で,宮廷学士院〈サンガム〉で編纂されたという伝説に基づいてサンガム文学と呼ばれている。サンスクリット文学と比較して,サンガム文学は世俗的性格が強く,短い韻文の形式を好む点に特色がある。…

【サンガム文学】より

…おもに1世紀から3世紀にかけて,500名近くの詩人によってつくられた抒情詩を集大成したもので,〈サンガムSangam(宮廷文芸院)〉で編さんされたという伝説に基づいて〈サンガム文学〉と通称される。遅くとも13世紀ころまでに全体が《エットゥトハイ(八つの詞華集)》と《パットゥパーットゥ(十の詩編)》に二分され,前者は3行から31行の長さの短詩を2371編,後者は103行から782行の長詩を10編含んでいる。サンガムの作品は伝統的に,恋愛をテーマとする〈アハム(内的)〉と戦争に題材を採る〈プラム(外的)〉の二つのジャンルに分けられるが,内容的にはそのほとんど(約8割)が恋愛を描く〈アハム〉のジャンルに属している。…

※「《エットゥトハイ》」について言及している用語解説の一部を掲載しています。

出典|株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典 第2版について | 情報

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