Creation Company - Sozosha

A Chinese literary group. Founded in June 1921 (Taisho 10) in Tokyo by Guo Moruo, Yu Dafu, Cheng Yiwu, Zhang Ziping and others, it launched the quarterly journal "Creation" in May 1922 and began full-scale activities. It is usually discussed in three periods. Other journals in the first period were "Creation Weekly" and "Creation Day". Many of its members were students studying in Japan, including Tian Han, Zheng Boqi, Mu Mutian, Wang Duqing and others. It was praised on a par with the Literary Research Society, and while the latter was known as a naturalist and life-loving group, the group advocated the establishment of the ego and the liberation of individuality, and was called a romantic and artistic group. In the mid-1920s, against the backdrop of the progress of the Great Revolution, the group began to lean leftward, founding the semi-monthly Flood in 1925 and Creativity Monthly in 1926, with Guo Moruo publishing essays such as "Revolution and Literature" (second period). When the Great Revolution faltered, Li Chuli and Feng Naichao returned to China from Japan and founded Cultural Criticism in 1928, advocating a class-reductionist theory of revolutionary literature and engaging in debates on revolutionary literature with Lu Xun and others (third period). The group was closed down by the Kuomintang in February 1929, bringing an end to its history as a society, but the members continued their activities thereafter and played an active role as the core members of the China Left Writers League.

[Ichiro Kotani]

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

中国の文学団体。1921年（大正10）6月郭沫若(かくまつじゃく)、郁達夫(いくたつふ)、成仿吾(せいほうご)、張資平らが東京で結成、22年5月『創造』季刊を創刊し本格的活動を始めた。普通三期に分けて論じられる。第一期の機関誌はほかに『創造週報』『創造日』。同人には日本留学生が多く、上記のほかに田漢(でんかん)、鄭伯奇(ていはくき)、穆木天(ぼくぼくてん)、王独清(おうどくせい)などがいた。文学研究会と並び称せられ、同会が自然主義、人生派とよばれたのに対し、自我の確立や個性の解放などを主張して浪漫(ろうまん)主義、芸術派とよばれた。20年代中期に入ると、大革命の進展などを背景に左傾化し、25年『洪水』半月刊、26年『創造月刊』を創刊して郭沫若が「革命と文学」などの論文を発表した（第二期）。大革命が挫折(ざせつ)すると日本から李初梨(りしょり)、馮乃超(ふうだいちょう)らが帰国、28年『文化批判』を創刊して階級還元論的な革命文学論を主張し、魯迅(ろじん)らと革命文学論戦を展開した（第三期）。29年2月国民党によって封鎖され、社団としての歴史は終わったが、同人はその後も活動を続け、中国左翼作家連盟の中核として活躍した。

［小谷一郎］

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