Royalists

The supporters of the King in the Puritan Revolution in England. They were also called the Cavaliers. In 1641, the Long Parliament split over the adoption of the Great Commission, resulting in the formation of the Royalists and Parliamentarians. The Royalists were said to have been mostly aristocrats and large landowners based in the Northwest, and they fought in the civil war led by Charles I's nephew Prince Rupert, but were defeated and many of their lands and properties were confiscated. However, the Royalists later gathered under Edward Hyde (later Earl of Clarendon) under Charles II, who was in exile on the continent, and waited for the time to rise again. Then, as conflicts within the Parliamentarians intensified under Cromwell's dictatorship, Hyde promoted reconciliation with the anti-Cromwellians and prepared for the restoration of the monarchy. After the Restoration, the Cavaliers' Parliament was formed, mainly by royalists, but many of them fell into ruin as they were unable to recover the property they had lost during the civil war. (Book version 1985)
[Toru Koizumi]

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

イギリスのピューリタン革命における国王支持派。騎士党（キャバリアーズCavaliers）ともいう。1641年、「大諫議書(だいかんぎしょ)」の採択をめぐって長期議会が分裂した結果、王党派と議会派とが形成された。王党派には、北西部を地盤とする貴族、大土地所有者が多かったといわれ、彼らはチャールズ1世の甥(おい)ルパートRupert王子などを中心として内戦を戦ったが敗北し、その多くが土地や財産を没収された。しかし、王党派はその後エドワード・ハイドEdward Hyde（後のクラレンドン伯）を中心として大陸亡命中のチャールズ2世のもとに集まり、再起のときを待った。そしてクロムウェル独裁下で議会派内部の対立が深まると、ハイドは反クロムウェル派との和解を進め、王政復古の準備を整えた。王政復古ののち、王党派を中心として「騎士（キャバリアー）議会」が開かれたが、内戦中に失った財産を回復できずに没落した者も多かった。（書籍版　1985年）
［小泉　徹］

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