A leader of the Chinese warlord Zhili faction. Born in Tianjin. Graduated from the Tianjin Beiyang Military Academy. Participated in the First Sino-Japanese War, and served as a subordinate to Yuan Shikai, establishing his position thereafter. After Yuan's death in 1916, he became the governor of Zhili and governor of the province, and after Feng Guozhang's death (1919), he became the leader of the Zhili faction. In 1920, he won the Zhian War between the Anhui faction of Duan Qirui, supported by Japan, and the Zhili faction of Cao and Wu Peifu, supported by Britain and the United States, and then the First Feng-Zhi War in 1922, seizing political power in the Beijing government and ushering in the golden age of the Zhili faction. Cao, with ambitions to become the Grand President, obtained the support of the United States and bribed and coerced members of parliament to become Grand President in 1923, promulgating the Constitution. The people called this a "bribed president" and a "bribed constitution," and launched an anti-warlord struggle against the dark rule of the Zhili faction. In 1924, during the Second Feng-Zhi War, a large-scale civil war involving the interests of the great powers, Cao was ousted in a coup d'état by Feng Yuxiang, and he soon retired to Tianjin, where he died. [Minamizato Tomoki] [Reference items] | | | | |Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
中国の軍閥直隷(ちょくれい)派の首脳。天津(てんしん)の生まれ。天津北洋武備学堂卒業。日清(にっしん)戦争に参加、以後、袁世凱(えんせいがい)の部将として活躍し、その後の地歩を築いた。1916年袁の死後直隷督軍兼省長となり、馮国璋(ふうこくしょう)の死(1919)後、直隷派の首領となる。1920年、日本に支持された段祺瑞(だんきずい)の安徽(あんき)派と、イギリス・アメリカの支持する曹・呉佩孚(ごはいふ)の直隷派との直皖(ちょくかん)(安直)戦争、さらに1922年の第一次奉直戦争に勝利して、北京(ペキン)政府の政治権力を手中にし、直隷派の黄金時代を築いた。そして曹は、大総統への野望から、アメリカの支持を得て、国会議員に対する買収と強迫によって、1923年大総統の地位につき、憲法を公布した。民衆はこれを「賄選(わいせん)総統」「賄選憲法」と評し、直隷派の暗黒支配に対する反軍閥闘争を展開した。1924年列強の利害も絡んだ大規模な内戦であった第二次奉直戦争で、馮玉祥(ふうぎょくしょう)のクーデターによって失脚、まもなく天津に閑居し、そこで没した。 [南里知樹] [参照項目] | | | | |出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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