Critique of Pure Reason

Japanese: 純粋理性批判 - じゅんすいりせいひはん(英語表記)Kritik der reinen Vernunft
Critique of Pure Reason
A book written by the German philosopher Immanuel Kant. It is the first major work representative of his so-called critical period, and was published in 1781, marking a period in the history of philosophy. It provides insight into the shortcomings of continental rationalism and British empiricism, and criticizes the ability to recognize things independent of experience, that is, the meaning and limitations of the ability of pure reason.
A priori sensibility and a priori analyticity considered the conditions for true knowledge, asking the question, "How is a priori synthetic judgment possible?" It was said that a priori synthetic judgment is possible when time and space, which are the a priori forms of sensible intuition, and pure concepts of the understanding (i.e. categories), which are a priori concepts of the understanding, are synthesized through the medium of imagination (imagination). In this case, the basis for the possibility of synthesis is said to be a priori apperception (pure apperception) as the fundamental unifying action of consciousness, and thus the possibility of mathematical knowledge and natural scientific knowledge was demonstrated. A priori dialectics considered the possibility of metaphysical knowledge, and the immortality of the soul was questioned in rational psychology, the existence of the world in rational cosmology, and the existence of God in rational theology. However, what can be theoretically known is the phenomenal world, not the things themselves (the intellect) that lie behind the phenomenal world. Thus, ontological proof of the soul, the world, and God was deemed impossible. Therefore, metaphysical knowledge based on theoretical reason is impossible, and we must wait for the complementation of practical reason. (→ Critique of Practical Reason)

Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information

Japanese:
ドイツの哲学者イマヌエル・カントの著書。彼のいわゆる批判期を代表する最初の主著で,1781年に刊行され,哲学史上,一時期を画した。大陸の合理論とイギリスの経験論の欠陥が洞察され,経験から独立した認識能力の批判,すなわち純粋理性能力の意味と限界が批判された。本書は
から成る。先験的感性論,先験的分析論では真なる認識の条件が考察されたが,それは「先天的総合判断はいかにして可能か」という問いであり,感性的直観の先天的形式としての時間,空間と,悟性の先天的概念としての純粋悟性概念 (すなわち範疇 ) とが構想力 (想像力) を媒介にして総合されることにより先天的総合判断が可能であるとされた。その際,総合の可能性の根拠は意識の根本的統一作用としての先験的統覚 (純粋統覚) であるとされ,かくて数学的認識,自然科学的認識の成立の可能性が論証された。先験的弁証論では形而上学的認識の可能性が考察され,合理的心理学では霊魂の不滅,合理的宇宙論では世界,合理的神学では神の存在が問われたが,理論的に認識されうるのは現象界であって,現象界の背後にある物自体 (英知界) ではない。かくて霊魂,世界,神の存在論的証明は不可能とされた。したがって理論理性による形而上学的認識は不可能となり,実践理性の補完を待つことになる。 (→実践理性批判 )  

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