Zeng Guo-fan (English spelling)

Japanese: 曾国藩 - そうこくはん（英語表記）Zeng Guo-fan; Tsêng Kuo-fan

[Born] 1811
[Died] 1872
Chinese politician in the late Qing dynasty. Born in Xiangxiang County, Hunan Province. Court name Bohan. Pen name Tekisei. Posthumous name Wenzheng. Appointed as a Jinshi in 1838. After serving as a member of the Hanlin Academy, he became the Right Assistant Minister of Rites in 1841. At the end of the second year of Xianfeng (52), he returned home to mourn his mother. During his stay, he was ordered to organize a training unit for bandit hunting, and further organized the Xiang Army to counter the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom, and played an active role in defeating the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom. During that time, he became Governor of Liangjiang in 1841, and after the downfall of the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom, he was awarded the title of marquis for his achievements, which was rare in the Qing dynasty. Later, he failed in his campaign to defeat the Nian Army, and gradually disbanded the Xiang Army. He served as Governor of Zhili and Governor of Liangjiang, and became a Cabinet Scholar. He is well known as a leader of the Westernization Movement (→ Westernization faction). His collected works include the Complete Works of Duke Zeng (174 volumes).

Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information

Japanese:

[生]嘉慶16(1811)
[没]同治11(1872)
中国，清末の政治家。湖南省湘郷県の人。字は伯涵。号は滌生 (てきせい) 。諡は文正。道光 18 (1838) 年の進士。翰林院の職を経て，同 27年礼部右侍郎となる。咸豊2 (52) 年末，母の喪に服するため帰郷。その在郷中に捜匪のための団練組織の命を受け，さらに太平天国軍に対抗するための湘軍を編成して太平天国軍討滅に活躍。その間，同 10年に両江総督となり，太平天国滅亡後は，功によって清朝では異例の侯爵に叙された。のち捻軍征討に失敗し，次第に湘軍を解散した。直隷総督，両江総督を歴任し，内閣大学士となる。洋務運動 (→洋務派 ) の指導者として著名。著作集として『曾文正公全集』 (174巻) がある。

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