Stromatopora or stromatoporoid are fossil animals with a calcareous rib. The external shape of the colony is conical, hemispherical, dendritic, massive, or crust-like, and some of the larger ones can reach several meters in length. The rib is made up of two elements: vertical pillars and horizontal lamina, and genera and species are distinguished by the arrangement, density, and thickness of these. The rib may also have star-shaped radial stellate grooves, which are characteristic of stromatoporites, on the surface and inside. There have been many theories about the affiliation of stromatoporoids, with the most common being that they originated from hydrozoa. However, it was discovered that the outlet of the groove system (a water-flowing system; a tissue system unique to sponges that allows seawater to flow through the body for feeding and digestion) of some bony sponges in the marine sponge genus Porifera closely resembles the star-shaped grooves unique to stromatoporoids, giving the sponge origin theory more support. They lived from the early Paleozoic to the late Mesozoic eras, but flourished at their peak from the Silurian to Devonian periods of the Paleozoic era and in the Jurassic period of the Mesozoic era, and many of them have become standard stones. In Japan, they have been found in large numbers in reef deposits from both of these periods. Known species from the Paleozoic era include Clathrodictyon and Actinostroma, while Mesozoic species include Pallastomatopora (originally called Stromatopora , but this genus name is now used only for Paleozoic species), Milleporidium, and others. [Fujiyama Ienori] [Reference] | | | | | | |Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
石灰質の共有骨をもつ化石動物で、ストロマトポラないしストロマトポロイドともよぶ。その群体の外形は円錐(えんすい)状、半球状、樹枝状、塊状、皮殻状をなし、大きなものは数メートルに達するものがあった。共有骨は垂直な柱状のピラーpillar(支柱)と水平なラミナlamina(葉理)の2要素よりなり、これらの配列、密度、厚さなどにより属種が区別される。また共有骨の表面および内部には、層孔虫特有の星形放射状の星状溝の現れることがある。 層孔虫の所属についてはいままで多くの説があり、そのなかでヒドロ虫類起源説が一般的であった。ところが、海綿動物の硬骨海綿のあるものの溝系(こうけい)(流水系。体内に海水を流通させて摂食や消化などを行う海綿特有の組織系)の出口が、層孔虫特有の星形の溝によく似ているという発見があり、海綿起源説が有力になった。古生代前期から中生代後期まで生存したが、古生代シルル紀からデボン紀にかけてと中生代のジュラ紀に繁栄のピークがあり、標準化石となっているものも多い。日本でもこの両時期の礁性堆積(たいせき)物中に多数発見されている。 古生代のものにはクラスロディクチオン、アクチノストロマなど、中生代のものにはパラストマトポラ(もとはストロマトポラStromatoporaとされたが、この属名は現在は古生代のもののみに使われる)、ミレポリジウムその他が知られている。 [藤山家徳] [参照項目] | | | | | | |出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
<<: Double hook ink - Soukotenboku
>>: Tectogenesis - Tectogenesis
... The construction of new cities was also thriv...
A manor belonging to Daijoin Temple of Kofuku-ji T...
Two painter brothers who played a leading role in ...
A bird of the woodpecker family, Picidae. A medium...
…[Tora Saburo Kawabata]. … *Some of the terminolo...
…A general term for insects belonging to the orde...
…The Liberal Party advocated federalism, while th...
...Kipchak Khanate was one of the successor state...
...Rice, tobacco, and hassaku oranges are cultiva...
1739?-1811 Yugoslav writer, philosopher, and educa...
…He grew up as an orphan, joined a troupe of trav...
A private Catholic university with only one facult...
…Image brightness (image plane illuminance) is pr...
…Although it is the second most populous city in ...
… [Mexican Movie] In 1931, a group of Soviet film...