Condensation

Japanese: 凝縮 - ぎょうしゅく(英語表記)condensation
Condensation
Also called condensation. When gas is cooled below a certain temperature or compressed while releasing heat, it becomes liquid. The phenomenon of gas turning into liquid is called condensation, but the former is often distinguished from the latter as condensation. The appearance of water droplets on the outside of a glass filled with ice, and the appearance of dew on a cold morning, are examples of condensation in the strict sense. When a gas is cooled or compressed, when it reaches a certain temperature or pressure, the gas begins to condense, forming droplets with tiny dust particles or ions suspended in the gas as nuclei. In clean gases that do not contain these condensation nuclei, condensation may not occur even if the gas is cooled or compressed beyond this temperature or pressure, and this state of gas is called supersaturated. When a nucleus is introduced into supersaturated vapor, it rapidly condenses around the nucleus, producing droplets. A cloud chamber is a device that uses this phenomenon to detect the tracks of charged particles.

Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information

Japanese:
凝結ともいう。気体をある温度以下に冷却,または放熱させながら圧縮すると液体となる。気体が液体に変るこれらの現象を凝縮というが,特に前者を凝縮,後者を液化として区別することが多い。氷を入れたコップの外側に水滴がつき,寒い朝に露が生じるのは狭義の凝縮の例である。気体を冷却または圧縮していくとき,ある温度または圧力に達すると気体は気体中に浮遊する微小なちり,イオンなどを核にして液滴を生じて凝縮しはじめる。これらの凝縮核を含まない清浄な気体では,この温度や圧力をこえて冷却または圧縮しても凝縮しないことがあり,この気体の状態を過飽和であるという。過飽和蒸気中に核となるものが投入されると,それを中心として急速に凝縮し,液滴を生じる。霧箱はこの現象を利用して荷電粒子の飛跡を検出する装置である。

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