Semmelweis - Ignaz Philipp Semmelweis

Japanese: ゼンメルワイス - ぜんめるわいす(英語表記)Ignaz Philipp Semmelweis
Semmelweis - Ignaz Philipp Semmelweis

Hungarian obstetrician. Born in Buda (Budapest). Studied at the University of Pest and the University of Vienna, graduating in 1844. Worked as an obstetrician assistant at Vienna General Hospital until 1849. In 1847, he discovered the cause and prevention of puerperal fever. Puerperal fever occurs when decaying organic matter is absorbed from the uterus, and it can be prevented if the decaying matter carried by the examiner's fingers or instruments is not brought to the newborn. It was an extremely brilliant idea at the time when bacteria and disinfection methods were unknown. However, his theory was opposed and he left Vienna in 1850 under pressure, returning to Pest and working at St. Lof's Hospital. In 1855, he became an obstetrics instructor at the university. In 1861, he published "The Etiology, Concept and Prevention of Puerperal Fever," but it was not accepted. He eventually became mentally ill and died in a psychiatric hospital in Vienna. A memorial statue was erected in his honor in a park in Budapest, and 100 years later, in 1965, a memorial museum of the history of medicine was established in his former home.

[Riki Ishihara]

[Reference] | Postpartum

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

ハンガリーの産科医。ブダ(ブダペスト)で生まれる。ペスト大学とウィーン大学で学び、1844年卒業。1849年までウィーン一般病院産科助手を務めた。1847年に産褥熱(さんじょくねつ)の原因と予防についての発見をした。産褥熱は、腐敗した有機物が子宮から吸収されることでおこり、診察者の指や器械などによって運ばれる腐敗物質を、産婦に持ち込まなければ予防できるという説である。細菌や消毒法が知られていなかった当時、きわめて優れた着想であった。しかし、この説は反対され、圧迫を受けて1850年ウィーンを去ってペストへ帰り、聖ロフス病院に勤め、1855年、大学の産科学教官となった。1861年には『産褥熱の病因、概念、予防』を出版したが認められず、やがて精神障害となり、ウィーンの精神科病院で死去した。全世界の追慕者により、ブダペストの公園にその記念像が立てられ、100年後の1965年、旧宅に記念医学史博物館がつくられた。

[石原 力]

[参照項目] | 産褥

出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例

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