Periscope - senboukyou (English spelling)

Japanese: 潜望鏡 - せんぼうきょう(英語表記)periscope
Periscope - senboukyou (English spelling)

A type of telescope, an optical device that observes the situation above from below. During World War II, until the development of radar and sonar, it was the most important weapon for submarines to detect enemies, and was also used as a navigation weapon, protruding its tip from inside the submerged vessel to observe the outside world, and also used as a sight for attacks. The depth at which it can dive at this point is called the periscope depth. A long, thin cylinder (outer tube) made of insensitive nickel steel or stainless steel has right-angle prisms at the top and bottom, and several lenses inside the tube. Rotating the tube provides a full view of the sea, and elevating and lowering the upper prism provides a view of the sky. The magnification is variable, and the height ranges from 3.5 meters for small boats to over 10 meters for large vessels. For raising and lowering, ships up until the war used electric or hydraulic extension tubes, but today they use hydraulic pistons. Modern submarines usually use sonar for attacks, but periscopes are still used for navigation and reconnaissance, and generally have two periscopes with the same optical system, one for regular use and one for backup. Some are equipped with two types of periscopes, one for search and one for attack, or one for daytime and nighttime use, and are equipped with radar, radio detection equipment, laser range finders, infrared imaging equipment, low-light television, and artificial horizon sextants to form a composite sensor. Recent submarines have been equipped with "non-penetrating periscopes" that do not penetrate the inner hull of the ship but are placed inside the sail above it, and are equipped with digital high-definition television cameras at the tip. This system instantly monitors, searches, and photographs the entire sea, and transmits and displays the acquired electronic video information to a display device inside the ship via optical cable, and has the advantages of accurate situational awareness inside the submarine, placement inside the ship, and prevention of detection. The Soryu-class (completed in 2009) was the first submarine of the Japan Maritime Self-Defense Force to use this system. In addition to being used on submarines, there are also portable types for field observation by the army, fixed types for fortresses, and combat vehicles.

[Yasuo Abe]

[Reference] | Sights | Submarines

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

望遠鏡の一種で、下層から上層の状況を観測する光学装置。第二次世界大戦中、レーダー、ソナーが発達するまで潜水艦のもっとも重要な索敵兵器であり、航海兵器としても使われ、潜航中の艦内から海面にその先端を出し外界を観測し、また攻撃のための照準器としても用いられる。このときの潜航深度を潜望鏡深度という。不感性ニッケル鋼製や不銹(ふしゅう)鋼製の細長い円筒(外筒)の上・下部に直角プリズム、筒内に数個のレンズがあり、筒の旋回で海上全周の、上部プリズムの俯仰(ふぎょう)回転で上空の視界が得られ、倍率は可変で、高さは小型艇用の3.5メートルから大型艦用の十数メートルまである。昇降は、大戦までの艦は電動式または油圧伸長筒式を用いたが、今日は油圧ピストン方式である。現在の潜水艦では普通、ソナー探信で攻撃するが、潜望鏡は航海、偵察などに依然重用され、おおむね同一光学系のものを常用・補用の2本装備している。捜索用・襲撃用または昼間用・夜間用の2種装備のものもあり、レーダー、電波探知装置、レーザー測距儀、赤外線画像装置、低照度テレビ、人工水平六分儀などを組み込み、複合センサー化している。近年の潜水艦では、先端にデジタルハイビジョンテレビカメラなどを装備し、船体内殻を貫通せず、その上方のセール内に納める「非貫通型潜望鏡」が併設されるようになった。瞬時に海上全周を監視、捜索、撮影し、取得電子映像情報を光ケーブルで艦内のディスプレイ装置に伝達、表示する方式のもので、潜水艦内での正確な状況把握、船体内配置、被探知防止などの面で利点がある。海上自衛隊の潜水艦では「そうりゅう」級(2009年完成)が初採用している。潜水艦用以外のものとして、陸軍での野戦観測用(可搬式)、要塞(ようさい)用(固定式)、戦闘車両用などがある。

[阿部安雄]

[参照項目] | 照準器 | 潜水艦

出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例

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