A tall tree, shrub or herbaceous plant of the legume family (APG classification: Fabaceae). There are 450 species distributed in North and South America, Africa, Australia, etc. Ornamental species are collectively referred to by their genus name, Cassia, while medicinal species are collectively referred to by their British name, Senna. The leaves are pinnately compound, and the flowers are yellow or pale pink and grow in racemes. Ornamental species include Senna sulfurea (Collad.) HSIrwin et Barneby ( C. glauca Lam.) and S. didymobotrya (Fresen.) HSIrwin et Barneby ( C. didymobotrya Fresen). The glauca species is familiar to many as the Japanese name, Kobanasenn, and is used in pots and as a garden tree in warm regions. It is used as a roadside tree in Miyazaki and Kagoshima prefectures. The Didymobotrya species grows to a height of 3 meters and bears many flowers at the ends of its branches. In addition to these, there are other species that grow into tall trees with beautiful flowers, such as Fistula (Japanese name: Nanban Saikkachi) C. fistula L. and Grandis (Japanese name: Umasenna, Peach-colored Nanban Saikkachi) C. grandis Lf, which are used as roadside trees in various tropical areas. The leaves of the medicinal species Senna alexandrina Mill. ( C. acutifolia Delile) and S. alexandrina Mill. ( C. angustifolia Vahl) are called senna leaves and are used as a laxative, while the seeds of S. occidentalis (L.) Link ( C. occidentalis L.) and Tora (Ebisugusa) are used to make habu tea. Other members of the Cassia genus include Cassia serrata, which is used for furniture. [Ichiro Sakanashi October 18, 2019] In 1981, the genus Cassia was divided into the genera Chamaecrista , Senna , and Cassia . [Editorial Department, October 18, 2019] CultivationOrnamental plants will survive the winter if kept at a temperature of 3-5°C or higher. Use well-drained culture soil with a lot of river sand for the soil, and grow in a sunny location. Propagation is by cuttings or seeds, and the best time is around June. [Ichiro Sakanashi October 18, 2019] Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
マメ科(APG分類:マメ科)の高木、低木または草本。南北アメリカ、アフリカ、オーストラリアなどに450種分布する。観賞用のものを属名のカッシアで総称し、薬用とするものをイギリス名のセンナで総称している。葉は羽状複葉、花は黄色または淡紅色で総状花序につく。観賞用のものには、グラウーカ種Senna sulfurea (Collad.) H.S.Irwin et Barneby(C. glauca Lam.)、ディディモボトリア種S. didymobotrya (Fresen.) H.S.Irwin et Barneby(C. didymobotrya Fresen)がある。グラウーカ種は和名コバナセンナで親しまれ、鉢植えにしたり暖地での庭園樹とする。宮崎県、鹿児島県では街路樹としている。ディディモボトリア種は高さ3メートルとなり、分枝の先に多数の花をつける。これらのほかに、花が美しく高木になるものにフィスツラ種(和名ナンバンサイカチ)C. fistula L.、グランディス種(和名ウマセンナ、モモイロナンバンサイカチ)C. grandis L.f.などがあり、熱帯各地で街路樹などにする。 薬用にするアクティフォーリア種(和名アレクサンドリアセンナ、コバノセンナ)Senna alexandrina Mill.(C. acutifolia Delile)とアングスティフォーリア種(和名アレクサンドリアセンナ、ホソバセンナ)S. alexandrina Mill.(C. angustifolia Vahl)は、葉をセンナ葉と称し、瀉下(しゃげ)剤に用いる。またオクシデンターリス種(和名ハブソウ)S. occidentalis (L.) Link(C. occidentalis L.)とトーラ種(和名エビスグサ)は、種子を波布(はぶ)茶に用いる。 カッシア属には、このほかに、家具材とするタガヤサンなども含まれる。 [坂梨一郎 2019年10月18日] カッシア属は1981年にカワラケツメイ属Chamaecrista、センナ属Senna、ナンバンサイカチ属Cassiaに分割された。 [編集部 2019年10月18日] 栽培観賞用のものは3~5℃以上を保てば越冬する。用土は川砂を多くした排水のよい培養土を用い、日当りのよい場所で育てる。繁殖は挿木または実生(みしょう)により、適期は6月ころである。 [坂梨一郎 2019年10月18日] 出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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