Declaration of an end to the state of war

Japanese: 戦争状態終結宣言 - せんそうじょうたいしゅうけつせんげん
Declaration of an end to the state of war

Under international law, a state of war is generally considered to end by agreement between the belligerent nations, such as a peace treaty, except in cases of conquest. Therefore, a declaration by one of the belligerent nations to end the state of war does not, in itself, have the legal effect of ending the war. All of the examples given of unilateral declarations to end the state of war that have ended the war were made with the consent of the other belligerent nation, and in many cases peace treaties were subsequently concluded. After World War II, India, Burma (now Myanmar), the former Yugoslavia, and Italy, which did not participate in the peace treaty with Japan, made this type of declaration, and Japan notified them of its consent. Peace treaties were later concluded with the former two nations. The Japan-Soviet Joint Declaration of 1956 and the Japan-China Joint Communiqué of 1972, although their names are somewhat confusing, ended the state of war by agreement, and in that sense they can be considered to be equivalent to peace treaties.

[Yoshiro Matsui]

[Reference] | Peace Treaty

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

国際法上の戦争状態は、一般に征服による場合のほかは、講和条約のような交戦国間の合意によって終了するものとされている。したがって、一方の交戦国による戦争状態終結宣言は、それ自体としては戦争を終了させる法的効果を有さない。一方的な戦争状態終結宣言が戦争を終結させた例としてあげられるものは、すべて相手方交戦国の合意があったものであり、また多くの場合のちに講和条約が結ばれている。第二次世界大戦後、対日講和条約に参加しなかったインド、ビルマ(現ミャンマー)、旧ユーゴスラビア、イタリアはこの種の宣言を行い、日本は同意を通告した。また、前二者とはのちに講和条約が締結されている。なお、1956年(昭和31)の日ソ共同宣言および72年の日中共同声明は、名称はやや紛らわしいけれども、合意によって戦争状態を終了させるものであり、その意味で講和条約に準じるものであるとみることができる。

[松井芳郎]

[参照項目] | 講和条約

出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例

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