The first capital letter of a sentence, word, or proper noun such as a name in Western languages. Initials. The initials of a name are used as an abbreviated signature in various signs. In printing and art, it refers to the first letter of a chapter or chapter in a book or illuminated manuscript in Western languages. It refers to a letter that is larger than the other letters and is intricately decorated with colors, various shapes, and patterns. The oldest examples are found in illuminated manuscripts from late antiquity (5th century), and they developed especially after the Merovingian dynasty. In Irish manuscripts from the early 8th century and manuscripts from the Carolingian dynasty, there are so-called initial pages, where the initials alone take up an entire page. In the Gothic period, a style surrounded by small continuous patterns was preferred. Even after the invention of printing, only the initials were handwritten for a while. However, as printing developed, its artistic importance gradually disappeared, and in the late 19th century, Art Nouveau artists such as William Morris attempted to revive it. Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information |
欧文の文章や語,また姓名などの固有名詞の最初の大文字。イニシアル。姓名の頭文字は略署名として各種のサインに用いられる。印刷,美術用語としては,欧文の書籍,装飾写本の本文中の章,編などの最初の文字。特にほかの文字よりも大きく,色彩やさまざまの形象,模様によって複雑に装飾化されている場合をいう。最古の例は古代末期 (5世紀) の装飾写本中に見出され,メロビング朝以後になって特に発達した。8世紀初めのアイルランドの写本やカロリング朝時代の写本には,頭文字だけで1ページに及ぶ,いわゆるイニシアル・ページもある。ゴシック時代には,小さな連続模様で囲まれる形式のものが好まれた。印刷術発明後も,しばらくは頭文字だけが手書きにされた。しかし印刷術の発達とともにその芸術的な重要性はしだいに失われ,19世紀後半にウィリアム・モリスをはじめとするアール・ヌーボーの芸術家たちによってその復興が試みられた。
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