A mutual insurance association formed by shipowners or charterers who contribute a certain amount to cover liability and expenses not normally covered under marine insurance contracts for accidents involving ships or cargo during voyages. It was developed in the UK and is abbreviated as P&I club, and its insurance is also called P&I insurance. The risks covered range from negligent shipowner liability caused by negligence in ship operation to no-fault shipowner liability based on laws and regulations, and cover compensation for injury to life in the event of a collision, liability and expenses for injury to crew members, cleaning costs for polluted sea surfaces, and a very wide range of other shipowner liabilities, but it does not yet cover everything, and for oil pollution liability for tankers, it relies on funds based on international private agreements other than P&I clubs. In Japan, the Japan Shipowners' Mutual Insurance Association was established in 1950 under the Shipowners' Mutual Insurance Association Act. Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information |
船舶や積荷の航海中の事故について,海上保険契約では通常引受けられることのない賠償責任や費用などを填補する目的で,船主または用船者が一定の負担金を醵出して結成している互助的な保険組合。イギリスにおいて発達したもので,P&Iクラブと略称され,その保険をP&I保険ともいう。担保する危険は,船舶運航上の過失によって生じた過失船主責任から法令に基づく無過失船主責任にまで及び,衝突の際の人命損傷に対する賠償金,船員の傷病に対する責任と費用,汚損海面清掃費用,その他きわめて広範な船主責任を填補するが,まだすべてを担保するまでにはいたっておらず,タンカーの油濁責任についてはP&Iクラブ以外の国際民間協定による基金に依存している。日本でも 1950年,船主相互保険組合法に基づき日本船主責任相互保険組合が設立されている。
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