Main facts and indirect facts

Japanese: 主要事実･間接事実 - しゅようじじつかんせつじじつ

In civil litigation, the term "principal facts" refers to facts that satisfy the elements of laws that regulate legal effects such as the creation, modification, and extinction of rights (also called direct facts), and in criminal litigation, the term refers to facts that support the existence of grounds for prosecution, in other words, facts that determine the basis and scope of the right to punish (also called criminal facts). Indirect facts, in either case, refer to facts that allow the existence or non-existence of a principal fact to be inferred from experience. They are also called "possessions." For example, in a civil lawsuit for the return of a loan, the fact that the defendant received money from the plaintiff and that they agreed to return it at that time are principal facts, while the facts that the defendant was short of money at the time or that the plaintiff withdrew money from the bank to make a loan are indirect facts.

Source: Heibonsha World Encyclopedia, 2nd Edition Information

Japanese:

主要事実とは，民事訴訟では，権利の発生･変更･消滅というような法律効果を規定する法規の構成要件に該当する事実(直接事実ともいう)をさし，刑事訴訟では，公訴の理由の有無を基礎づける事実，換言すれば刑罰権の根拠および範囲を定める事実(犯罪事実ともいう)をさす。　間接事実とは，いずれの場合にも，主要事実の存否を経験上推認させる事実をいう。徴憑（ちようひよう）ともいう。たとえば，民事の貸金返還請求訴訟では，被告が原告から金銭を受け取ったという事実とその際返還の合意をしたという事実が主要事実であり，そのころ被告は金に困っていたとか原告は貸与するため銀行で預金をおろしたという事実は間接事実である。

出典　株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典第２版について　情報

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