...The Junkers took advantage of the margrave's financial difficulties to obtain great privileges, such as feudal jurisdiction and tax exemption, and came to wield power in both the feudal parliament and the feudal administration. Elector Joachim II (reigned 1535-71) adopted Lutheranism in 1539 and initiated a religious reform, but the confiscation of church and monastery property also served to strengthen the power of the Junkers, and their dominance in the countryside became even more unshakable. Thus, in Brandenburg, the nobles' superiority in the estate system continued until the middle of the 17th century, but during this time Elector Johann Sigismund (reigned 1608-19) converted to Calvinism in 1613, and in 1614 acquired the small states of Cleve, Mark, and Ravensberg on the lower Rhine, and in 1618 acquired the Duchy of Prussia by right of succession, expanding his territory. ... *Some of the terminology that mentions "Joachim II" is listed below. Source | Heibonsha World Encyclopedia 2nd Edition | Information |
…ユンカーは辺境伯の財政難に乗じて,領主裁判権や免税権など大きな特権を獲得し,領邦議会でも領邦行政でも力をふるうようになった。選帝侯ヨアヒム2世Joachim II(在位1535‐71)は,1539年ルター主義を採用して宗教改革を行ったが,教会・修道院財産の没収もここではユンカーの勢力強化に役だてられ,農村における彼らの支配権をいよいよ不動のものたらしめる結果を生んだ。 こうしてブランデンブルクでは,17世紀の中葉まで貴族優位の身分制国家体制が続くが,この間に選帝侯ヨハン・ジギスムントJohann Sigismund(在位1608‐19)は1613年カルバン主義に改宗,14年にはライン下流域の小領邦クレーベ,マルク,ラーフェンスベルクを,18年にはプロイセン公国を継承権にもとづいて獲得することにより,領土を拡大した。… ※「Joachim II」について言及している用語解説の一部を掲載しています。 出典|株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典 第2版について | 情報 |
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