Terms of War - cartel

In times of war, these are agreements made between the military commanders and unit commanders of the two warring nations regarding military matters within their jurisdiction. These are also called military treaties. Although military commanders are not authorized to conclude treaties with the other side, the wartime treaties they make are legally binding on both warring nations. This is an exceptional case in international law, given the special circumstances of wartime and the need for speed and effectiveness. Wartime treaties only concern military matters such as the armed forces, military facilities and equipment under the control of military commanders, and include the suspension of fighting, ceasefire, surrender, and prisoner exchanges. Political and governing matters such as the cession of occupied territories or changes to national structures cannot be regulated by wartime treaties.

[Hisakazu Fujita]

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

戦時において、両交戦国の軍司令官や部隊の指揮官の間でその権限内の軍事的事項に関して結ばれる合意のことで、軍事規約ともよばれる。軍司令官等は相手との条約締結権限を与えられていないが、彼らの結ぶ戦時規約は両交戦国を法的に拘束する。これは、戦時の特殊事情を考慮し迅速性と実効性の観点から、国際法上例外的に認められている。戦時規約は、軍司令官等の支配下にある軍隊、軍事施設・装備等の軍事上の事項のみにかかわり、戦闘の一時停止、休戦、降伏、捕虜交換等が合意の対象とされる。占領地域の割譲や国家組織の変更といった政治的・統治的事項については、戦時規約で取り決めることはできない。

［藤田久一］

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