This treaty was signed on February 21, 1828, at Torkomanchāy, located about 96 km southeast of Tabriz, between the Qajar dynasty of Iran and Russia. In Iran, which ceded Georgia, Dagestan, and parts of Azerbaijan to Russia in the Treaty of Golestan in 1813, anti-Russian sentiment was on the rise, especially in religious circles. In 1825, when Russia sent troops into the Göktya region of Armenia, whose ownership had been disputed between the two countries, Iranian anti-Russian sentiment reached its peak. The following year, in 1826, Iran declared war, but in the end, Tabriz was taken in October 1827 and it surrendered. As a result of this treaty, Iran lost its land north of the Aras River and was obliged to pay a large amount of indemnity. In addition, customs duties on Russian trade goods were limited to 5% or less, and Russians living in Iran were granted extraterritoriality. Other European countries subsequently obtained similar rights, and Iran suffered under this extraterritoriality for about 100 years until Reza Shah abrogated all unequal external treaties in 1928. [Kouichi Haneda] Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
1828年2月21日、カージャール朝イランとロシアがタブリーズの南東約96キロメートルに位置するトルコマンチャーイTorkomanchāyで結んだ条約。1813年のゴレスターン条約でジョージア(グルジア)、ダゲスタンとアゼルバイジャンの一部をロシアに譲ったイランでは、宗教界を中心に反ロシア感情の高まりがみられた。1825年、その帰属をめぐって両国が争っていたアルメニアのギョクチャ地域にロシアが軍を進めると、イラン人の反ロシア感情はその極に達した。翌1826年イランは開戦したが、結局1827年10月タブリーズを落とされ、屈服した。この条約でイランはアラス川以北の地を失い、多額の賠償金支払いを義務づけられた。またロシアの貿易品に課される関税が5%以下に抑えられ、イランに住むロシア人の治外法権が認められた。その後、他のヨーロッパ諸国も同様な権利を得、1928年レザー・シャーが全対外不平等条約を破棄するまで約100年間、イランはこの治外法権のために苦しんだ。 [羽田亨一] 出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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