Rust - Rust

Japanese: 銹病 - さびびょう

A plant disease caused by parasitism of fungi belonging to the order Uredinales in the Basidiomycetes. It is so named because it produces rust-colored or black to brown spore piles on new shoots, leaves, stems, and trunks, and can take on deformed shapes such as bumps. Rust fungi belong to the Basidiomycetes, and their spores come in the form of pycnospores, rusospores, uredospores, teliospores, and sporidia. Although a wide range of plants can serve as hosts, each rust fungus has a specific host. Among rust fungi, those that spend their entire life cycle on the same plant are called homoparasitic species, and those that parasitise two different types of plants are called heteroparasitic species. The former includes sunflower rust fungi, while the latter, the black rust fungus of wheat, parasitizes the stems and leaves of wheat, producing uredospores that are the color of iron rust, then produce teliospores on the same plant that turn blackish brown, and the teliospores germinate, producing sporidia that fly to the leaf surfaces of Berberis plants and produce rust spores. There are about 5,000 species of rust fungi distributed around the world, and about 800 species in Japan. They cause great damage to wheat, broad beans, pears, wild roses, red pine, black pine, as well as many other agricultural crops, flowering plants, forest trees, and various weeds. Spraying fungicides such as organic sulfur agents is effective in controlling them, but restrictions on planting of intermediate hosts (juniper and Japanese laurel for red star disease of pears) are also implemented.
→ Related topics Plant fungal diseases | Lime sulfur mixture

Source : Heibonsha Encyclopedia About MyPedia Information

Japanese:

担子菌類サビキン目に属する菌類の寄生により起こる植物の病気。新梢，葉，茎，幹などに鉄さび色や黒〜褐色の胞子堆を生じたり，こぶ状などの奇形を呈したりするところから，この名がある。銹菌は担子菌類に属し，胞子には柄胞子，銹胞子，夏胞子，冬胞子，小生子の胞子形がある。宿主となる植物は幅広いが，それぞれの銹菌ごとの宿主は決まっている。銹菌のうち，一生活史をすべて同一植物上で過ごす種類を同種寄生種，異なった２種類の植物に寄生する種類を異種寄生種という。前者にはヒマワリの銹病菌などがあり，後者に属するムギ類の黒銹病菌は，夏胞子はムギ類の茎葉に寄生して鉄さび色を呈し，次いで冬胞子を同植物上でつくって黒褐色となり，この冬胞子の発芽で生じた小生子はメギ属植物の葉面に飛散して銹胞子をつくる。銹菌は世界中に約5000種が分布し，日本でも約800種存在する。ムギ類，ソラマメ，ナシ，ノイバラ，アカマツ，クロマツのほか多くの農作物，草花類，森林樹木類および各種雑草に大きな被害を与えている。防除は有機硫黄剤等の殺菌剤散布が有効だが，中間宿主（ナシ赤星病におけるビャクシンとカイヅカイブキ）の栽植規制なども行われている。
→関連項目植物菌類病｜石灰硫黄合剤

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