Maleic acid - Maleinsan (English spelling)

Japanese: マレイン酸 - まれいんさん(英語表記)maleic acid
Maleic acid - Maleinsan (English spelling)

A type of unsaturated dicarboxylic acid. It is a geometric isomer of fumaric acid and is cis-1,2-ethylenedicarboxylic acid. It was obtained as an anhydride in 1817 by dry distillation of malic acid. It is obtained together with maleic anhydride by the air oxidation of benzene in the gas phase using vanadium pentoxide as a catalyst. Maleic anhydride becomes maleic acid when reacted with water, so only maleic acid can be obtained. It isomerizes to trans-fumaric acid upon melting, but becomes maleic anhydride at temperatures above 160°C. Anhydride formation is more likely with cis-maleic acid, but does not occur unless the temperature is high with trans-fumaric acid.


It dissolves in water and ethanol (ethyl alcohol). It is used as a raw material for the synthesis of malic acid and succinic acid, as a raw material for alkyd resin, as a preservative for oils and fats, as a dyeing and finishing agent for wool and cotton, and for preparing maleates for medicines. It has little role in the body, but an isomerase to convert it to fumaric acid has been found in certain bacteria.

[Masahiro Hirota and Kayoko Ikeda, February 17, 2016]

[Reference] | Geometric isomerism | Fumaric acid [Supplementary information] | Maleic acid (data note)

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

不飽和ジカルボン酸の一種。フマル酸の幾何異性体で、シス形の1,2-エチレンジカルボン酸である。1817年にリンゴ酸の乾留により無水物として得られた。五酸化バナジウムを触媒として、ベンゼンを気相で空気酸化すると無水マレイン酸とともに得られる。無水マレイン酸は水と反応させるとマレイン酸になるので、マレイン酸のみを得ることができる。融解とともに異性化してトランス形のフマル酸になるが、160℃以上の温度では無水マレイン酸になる。無水物の生成はシス形のマレイン酸でおこりやすく、トランス形のフマル酸では高温にしないとおこらない。


 水、エタノール(エチルアルコール)に溶ける。リンゴ酸やコハク酸の合成原料、アルキド樹脂の原料となるほか、油脂の防腐剤や、羊毛・木綿の染色仕上げ剤、薬剤のマレイン酸塩調製などの用途がある。生体内での役割は少なく、ある種の細菌でフマル酸への異性化酵素がみいだされている。

[廣田 穰・池田加代子 2016年2月17日]

[参照項目] | 幾何異性 | フマル酸[補完資料] | マレイン酸(データノート)

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